The Prevalence and Progression of Myopia in Elementary School Students in Shanxi Province, China During the COVID-19 Pandemic

F., Fei; Luo, Hao; Zhao, Guo H.; Luo, Xiu L.

doi:10.1080/08820538.2022.2087474

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…A study carried out in Japan also demonstrated that shorter sleep duration in children aged 10 to 19 years was signi cantly correlated with high myopia [15]. Similarly, several other studies associated increased risk and/or severity of myopia with shorter sleep duration [16][17][18][19][20].These are similar to our nding that primary school students with sleep duration of less than 8 hours have an increased risk of myopia.…”

Section: Basic Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 87%

Association of sleep duration with different degrees of myopia in Chinese students: a cross-sectional study

Yin,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: At present, there are many studies on the relationship between sleep duration and myopia, but the results are not consistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between sleep duration and the degree of myopia among Chinese primary students in grade 1 to grade 5. Materials and methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. From March to June2023, a total of 30653 students in grade 1 to grade 5 from 18 primary schools in Zhengzhou completed the questionnaire survey. The refractive error is divided into four grades: No-myopia (spherical equivalents (SE)＞-0.50 dioptres (D)), mild myopia (-3.00D＜SE≤-0.50D), moderate myopia (-6.00D＜SE≤-3.00D) and high myopia (≤-6.00D). Nighttime sleep duration was divided into two categories (＜8 h/d, ≥8 h/d). To evaluate the effect of sleep duration on myopia severity, stratified analyses were performed by sex and grades, with sleep duration ≥8 h/d as the reference for each stratum, and using ordinal logistic regression. Results: There are differences in age, gender, class, and sleep duration among primary school students with different degrees of myopia (all P＜0.001). Among boys, the risk of one degree increase in myopia with sleep duration＜8h/d is 12.291 (95%CI:11.280, 13.393) times higher than that with sleep duration ≥8h/d. Among girls, the risk of one degree increase in myopia with sleep duration＜8h/d is 12.709 (95%CI:11.611, 13.912) times higher than that with sleep duration ≥8h/d. In different grades, in grade 1, the risk of myopia increased by one grade with sleep duration ＜8h/d was 5.197 (95%CI:4.520, 5.975) times that with sleep duration ≥8h/d. In grade 2, the risk of myopia grade one increased with sleep duration ＜8h/d was 8.783 (95%CI:7.642, 10.094) times that with sleep duration ≥8h/d. In grade 3, the risk of myopia with sleep duration ＜8h/d was 11.834 (95%CI:10.278, 13.625) times that with sleep duration ≥8h/d. In grade 4, the risk of myopia grade one increased with sleep duration ＜8h/d was 13.567 (95%CI:11.793, 15.608) times that with sleep duration ≥8h/d. In grade 5, the risk of myopia grade one increased with sleep duration ＜8h/d was 16.280 (95%CI:13.981, 18.957) times that with sleep duration ≥8h/d. Conclusions: Our results suggest that sleep duration has a significant impact on the degree of myopia in Chinese primary school students. Students with sleep duration ＜8h/d had a faster decline in SE than those with sleep duration ≥8h/d, and the risk of high myopia was higher.

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Section: Basic Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 87%

Association of sleep duration with different degrees of myopia in Chinese students: a cross-sectional study

Yin,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly, some studies found more myopic shift in younger children under the COVID‐19 quarantine (Wang, Zhu, et al, 2021; Xu et al, 2021). However, Ma et al found that variation of SE during the pandemic was significantly higher in grade 6 students than in grade 1 students (Ma, Luo, et al, 2022). Several factors may account for this finding, but the most important may be less time for online educational courses for younger children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some studies have found a more myopic shift in younger children after the COVID‐19 quarantine (Wang, Zhu, et al, 2021; Xu et al, 2021), other recent studies have reported contrary results (Ma, Luo, et al, 2022), which may be related to different patterns of near‐work behaviours in different age groups. In recent years, early‐onset myopia has become more common in young children (Fan et al, 2011; Tsai et al, 2021; Yang, Hsu, et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The prevalence of myopia remains stable under tighter COVID‐19 social restriction in preschoolers receiving a school‐based eyecare program

Yang

Tsai

Wang

et al. 2023

Acta Ophthalmologica

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PurposeThis study investigated the impact of different levels of COVID‐19 social restrictions (social distancing in 2020, large‐scale home confinement in 2021) on myopia prevalence and behaviours in a preschool population with school‐based eyecare programme.MethodsRepeated cross‐sectional surveys were conducted between August and December in 2019, 2020 and 2021. Children aged 5–6 years received ocular examinations, and questionnaires were answered by caregivers before the day of the examination. The main outcome measures were the changes in after‐school time spent on homework, screen‐based devices and outdoors. Secondary outcome was the change in myopia prevalence (spherical equivalent [SE] ≤ −0.5 D in either eye after cycloplegia).ResultsA total of 9997 preschoolers were included in the analysis. Under tighter restrictions, more preschoolers spent ≥1 h/day on screen‐based devices (42.8% in 2019, 45.2% in 2020, 48.9% in 2021, p < 0.001), and fewer preschoolers spent ≥30 min/day on after‐school outdoor activities (49.5% in 2019, 46.0% in 2020, 41.0% in 2021, p < 0.001) on weekdays. A similar trend was found on weekends. While more preschoolers spent ≥2 h/day on screen‐based devices (35.3% in 2019, 38.5% in 2020, 43.0% in 2021, p < 0.001), fewer preschoolers spent ≥2 h/day on outdoor activities (41.7% in 2019, 41.7% in 2020, 34.0% in 2021, p < 0.001). The mean SE and myopia prevalence were stable (9.1% in 2019, 10.3% in 2020, 9.4% in 2021, p = 0.707).ConclusionOur study showed dose‐dependent effect of social restrictions on near‐work and outdoor behaviours at home. The prevalence of myopia did not increase significantly with short‐term cessation of school‐based eyecare programmes.

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“…Several studies were conducted in China to determine the effect of COVID-19 on myopia. In a study of 960 students in Shanxi Province, China, parents of these students were given a self-administered questionnaire which assessed the students’ lifestyle during the pandemic [ 13 ]. Results demonstrated an average screen time of 232 min per day compared with 114 min per day reported in a cross-sectional national survey conducted prior to the pandemic [ 14 ].…”

Section: Worldwide Impact Of Covid-19 On Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Let Us Avoid a ‘Myopic View’ in Times of COVID-19

2022

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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people from almost all facets of life and it’s impact is extremely palpable among students. In this review paper, we discuss about the risk factors for myopia progression that were exacerbated by the pandemic, which are supported by evidence from studies published recently. It is imperative that measures are put in place to address the rising incidence of myopia so as to prevent the impending myopia pandemic.

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The Prevalence and Progression of Myopia in Elementary School Students in Shanxi Province, China During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 13 publications

References 62 publications

Association of sleep duration with different degrees of myopia in Chinese students: a cross-sectional study

Association of sleep duration with different degrees of myopia in Chinese students: a cross-sectional study

The prevalence of myopia remains stable under tighter COVID‐19 social restriction in preschoolers receiving a school‐based eyecare program

Let Us Avoid a ‘Myopic View’ in Times of COVID-19

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