The prevalence of anencephalus and spina bifida in New Zealand

Borman, Barry; Cryer, Colin

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1993.tb00512.x

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…From Table 2 it can also be seen that an increase of 0.4 mg folic acid daily could prevent 84 (95% CI 50-130) NTDs in Australia and 18 (95% CI [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] in New Zealand, a 25% reduction in NTDs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the potential effect of incremental increases in folic acid intake on neural tube defects in Australia and New Zealand

Bower

Klerk

Hickling

et al. 2006

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the potential effect of incremental increases in folic acid intake on neural tube defects in Australia and New Zealand

Bower

Klerk

Hickling

et al. 2006

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…We found that there was no significant association between paternal age and the risk of NTD. Independent studies from New Zealand, California and Texas demonstrated no relationship between paternal age and anencephaly or spina bifida or encephalocele 27,32,33 . Some studies, however, suggest that paternal age may indeed be a risk factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Independent studies from New Zealand, California and Texas demonstrated no relationship between paternal age and anencephaly or spina bifida or encephalocele. 27,32,33 Some studies, however, suggest that paternal age may indeed be a risk factor. For example, the data from the British Columbia Health Surveillance Registry demonstrated a general trend of increasing risk with increasing paternal age, but interestingly, men under 20 years of age were also at increased risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental age as a risk factor for isolated congenital malformations in a Polish population

Materna‐Kiryluk

Wiśniewska

Badura‐Stronka

et al. 2008

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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Currently available data on the relationship between the prevalence of isolated congenital malformations and parental age are inconsistent and frequently divergent. We utilised the data from the Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations (PRCM) to accurately assess the interplay between maternal and paternal age in the risk of isolated non-syndromic congenital malformations. Out of 902 452 livebirths we studied 8683 children aged 0-2 years registered in the PRCM. Logistic regression was used to simultaneously adjust the risk estimates for maternal and paternal age. Our data indicated that paternal and maternal age were independently associated with several congenital malformations. Based on our data, young maternal and paternal ages were independently associated with gastroschisis. In addition, young maternal age, but not young paternal age, carried a higher risk of neural tube defects. Advanced maternal and paternal ages were both independently associated with congenital heart defects. Moreover, there was a positive association between advanced paternal age and hypospadias, cleft palate, and cleft lip (with or without cleft palate). No significant relationships between parental age and the following congenital malformations were detected: microcephaly, hydrocephaly, oesophageal atresia, atresia or stenosis of small and/or large intestine, ano-rectal atresia or stenosis, renal agenesis or hypoplasia, cystic kidney disease, congenital hydronephrosis, diaphragmatic hernia and omphalocele.

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“…To our knowledge, no published data on the rate of NTD among different ethnic groups in New Zealand exists post-introduction of periconceptional folic acid supplementation recommendations. However, reports from the late 1970's and early 1980's indicate that the rate of NTD was lower among Pacific and Māori women compared with non-Māori [29]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periconceptional bread intakes indicate New Zealand's proposed mandatory folic acid fortification program may be outdated: results from a postpartum survey

Mallard

Gray

Houghton

2012

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background: In September 2009, a folic acid fortification mandate (135 μg/100 g bread) was to be implemented in New Zealand. However, due to political and manufacturer objection, fortification was deferred until May 2012. Based on estimates of bread consumption derived from a 1997 nationally representative survey, this program was intended to deliver a mean additional intake of 140 μg folic acid/d to women of childbearing age. Little is known about current bread consumption patterns in this target group. The aim of this study was to assess bread consumption among women prior to and during pregnancy with the intent to estimate periconceptional folic acid intakes that would be derived from bread if mandatory fortification were implemented as currently proposed. Methods: A retrospective survey of 723 postpartum women in hospitals and birthing centres across New Zealand was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire on bread intake prior to and during pregnancy and maternal socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics. Results: Median bread intake before conception (2 slices/d) was below that of previous data upon which the current fortification proposal was modeled (3-4 slices/d). If mandatory fortification is implemented as proposed, only 31% (95% CI = 24%-37%) of childbearing-age women would attain an additional folic acid intake of ≥ 140 μg/d, with a mean of 119 μg/d (95% CI = 107 μg/d-130 μg/d). Based on these data, a fortification level of 160 μg/100 g bread is required to achieve the targeted mean of 140 μg folic acid/d. Nonetheless, under the current proposal additional folic acid intakes would be greatest among the least advantaged segments of the target population: Pacific and indigenous Māori ethnic groups; those with increased parity, lower income and education; younger and single mothers; and women with unplanned pregnancies. Subgroups predicted to derive less than adequate folic acid intakes from the proposed policy were women of Asian descent and those with a postgraduate education. Conclusions: This study provides insight on the ability of a fortification policy to benefit the groups at highest risk of poor folate intakes in a population. However, bread consumption among the target group of childbearing women appears to have declined since the data used in previous dietary modeling were collected. Thus, it seems prudent to re-model dietary folic acid intakes based on more recent national survey data prior to the implementation of a mandatory folic acid fortification policy.

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The prevalence of anencephalus and spina bifida in New Zealand

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Assessment of the potential effect of incremental increases in folic acid intake on neural tube defects in Australia and New Zealand

Assessment of the potential effect of incremental increases in folic acid intake on neural tube defects in Australia and New Zealand

Parental age as a risk factor for isolated congenital malformations in a Polish population

Periconceptional bread intakes indicate New Zealand's proposed mandatory folic acid fortification program may be outdated: results from a postpartum survey

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