The Prevalence of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder among Primary School Students in an Iranian Rural Region

Alizadeh, Hamid; Armion, Esmaeel; Coolidge, Frederick L.; Flores, Zaena D.; Sutton, Courtney E.

doi:10.4236/psych.2015.63026

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Regarding gender, this study found significantly higher prevalence of ADHD among boys (14.5) than girls (3.6). This is consistent with results reported by studies conducted in Egypt 11,15,16,18 , Iran 20,21 , Iraq 22 and China. 23 On the other hand, studies conducted in Qalyobia 14 and Alexandria 17 (Egypt) found no significant differences between prevalence of ADHD among males and females.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in A Rural Area of Sohag Governorate

2018

The Egypt. J. of Community Medicine

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Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a rising public health problem affecting child quality of life. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and identify socio-demographic risk factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among primary school children in a rural area of Sohag governorate. Methods: A crosssectional community based study design was carried out in two villages of Sohag governorate using structured interview questionnaire. To identify children with probable ADHD a validated questionnaire based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders, 4 th Edition (DSM IV) was used. It includes a parent's and a teacher's copy. Results: This study included 854 primary school students in two villages of Sohag governorate. The prevalence of probable ADHD was 9.6%. The prevalence of ADHD was significantly associated with low socioeconomic level, higher birth order, male gender, smoker father, consanguineous parents, family history of ADHD, low birth weight, artificially fed children and pupils living with single parent. Conclusion and recommendations: ADHD is prevalent among primary school pupils in rural areas of Sohag governorate. Efforts are required to control associated risk factors of ADHD and reduce its prevalence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in A Rural Area of Sohag Governorate

2018

The Egypt. J. of Community Medicine

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“…The findings of the present research showed a higher ADHD prevalence rate in boys than in girls which isconsistent with the findings of previous studies. 10,[15][16][17][18] However, the ADHD prevalence rate in the present study was higher than previous studies, 5,9,15,17,18 but was consistent with Meysamie's research. 16 The difference in findings of the present research and the previous ones can be attributed to geographical location and ADHD measurement tools, which may have caused these variations.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

“…A review study which was carried out on the previous studies, estimated ADHD prevalence in pre-school boys in Ahvaz-Iran using the Conners scale and the results showed that the prevalence rate was 24.06 per cent, 4.51 per cent, 17.29 per cent and 2.25 per cent based on the positive rating scale, parent form, only teacher questionnaire and both parent and teacher questionnaires. 9 Moreover, a study was carried out on 1083 preschool children aged 5 and 6 years to estimate the prevalence of ADHD in Mashhad-Iran. Their result showed that 12.3 per cent of children suffer from ADHD and this was obtained after carrying out screening process using parent and teacher report using 10-items of Conners Index questionnaire and the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) clinical interview.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the ADHD prevalence rate has been reported to be higher in boys than girls. 1,5,9,[11][12][13] Considering the differences between the parents' and teacher's report, it seems that investigating the prevalence of ADHD requires an examination of the results of both parents' and teacher's reports so that more accurate data can be obtained, as parents and teachers provide additional information separately and collectively, which can lead to better and accurate diagnosis. However, some studies indicated that there is no relation between parents' and teacher's report on ADHD assessment in preschool children.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Screening of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children aged 3 to 6 years and 11 month olds

Amiri¹,

Malek²,

Sadeghi‐Bazargani³

et al. 2018

AMJ

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Background ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is a multifactorial disorder, defined by hyperactivity, impulsivity and attention deficits. Symptoms of ADHD begins during early childhood and negatively affects functionality at various levels. Aims This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 to screen for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children aged 3 to 6 years, 11 months olds of Tabriz in Iran. Methods A total of 737 children aged 36 months to 6 years, 11 months in Tabriz were randomly selected from kindergarten and preschool centres. Both the Conners Early Childhood-Parent and-Teacher forms were used to estimate the prevalence of ADHD. Results The results indicated that the prevalence of ADHD was 337 (45.7 per cent) based on Conners EC-Parent, 416 (56.4 per cent) according to Conners EC-Teacher, and 225 (30.5 per cent) based on the both Conners EC-Teacher & Parent scales. The results of Fischer's exact test showed that the prevalence of ADHD in boys (n=117, 35.3 per cent) was significantly higher than that of the girls (n=108, 26.6 per cent) (p=0.01, X 2 =6.57). The results of Chi-square test indicated that there was no difference among different age groups in terms of the prevalence of ADHD (X 2 =2.86, p=0.41). Conclusion ADHD screening based on the Conners EC-Teacher & Parent forms was estimated to be 30.5 per cent. The regional prevalence of ADHD appears to be greater among children under the age of 7, although the use of the new Conners EC tool in this study could have possibly affected the ADHD prevalence estimates.

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“…ADHD is one of the most common childhood-onset psychiatric disorders. It develops in childhood and later becomes apparent in the preschool and early school years (Alizadeh, Armio, Coolidge, Flores, & Sutton, 2015; Cheng & Myers, 2005; Hamed, Taha, Sabra, & Bella, 2008; Kaur, Patidar, Meenakshi, Girdhar, & Kaur, 2014; Rutter & Taylor, 2002; Suvarna & Kamath, 2009; Tashakori & Afkandeh, 2011). It can be described as over activity, persistent and debilitating inattention, and impulsivity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%