The prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors is differentially elevated in obesity-prone Osborne-Mendel and obesity-resistant S5B/Pl rats

Abstract

Aims: Individual susceptibility to develop obesity may impact the development of cardiometabolic risk factors that lead to obesity-related comorbid conditions. Obesity-prone Osborne-Mendel (OM) rats expressed higher levels of visceral adipose inflammation than obesity-resistant, S5B/PI (S5B) rats. However, the consumption of a high fat diet (HFD) differentially affected OM and S5B rats and induced an increase in visceral adipose inflammation in S5B rats. The current study examined the effects of HFD consumption on cardio-metabolic risk factors in OM and S5B rats.Materials & Methods: Glucose regulation and circulating levels of lipids, adiponectin and Creactive protein were assessed following 8 weeks of HFD or low fat diet (LFD) consumption. Left ventricle hypertrophy and mRNA expression of cardiovascular disease biomarkers were also quantified in OM and S5B rats. Key Findings: Circulating levels of triglycerides were higher, while HDL cholesterol, adiponectin and glycemic control were lower in OM rats, compared to S5B rats. In the left ventricle, BNP and CTGF mRNA expression were higher in OM rats and IL-6, IL-1β, VEGF, and iNOS mRNA expression were higher in S5B rats.Significance: These findings support the hypothesis that cardio-metabolic risk factors are increased in obesity-prone individuals, which may increase the risk for the development of

Isolated obesity resistance condition or associated with aerobic exercise training does not promote cardiac impairment

“…Metabolic risk factors (inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress) were more prevalent in the obese rats, compared to OR rats. Whereas cardiovascular key biomarkers were elevated in the obesity condition, these data suggested that an increased susceptibility to develop obesity is linked to an increased risk for cardio-metabolic disease ( 38 , 39 ). In this context, the OR group presented lower insulin value and larger area under the glycemic curve.…”

“…Importantly, aerobic ET attenuates the tumor growth factor (TGF)-β positive stimulation and downstream effectors of fibrosis in the rat heart ( 37 ). Poret et al ( 38 ), evaluating cardio-metabolic risk factors in obesity-prone, Osborne-Mendel, and obesity-resistant S5B rats, showed that the LV weight and wall thickness were decreased in S5B rats with consumption of HFD. Furthermore, the authors observed that brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA expressions in LV were lower in S5B rats.…”

“…BNP is a peptide hormone released from LV in response to volume and pressure overload, being described as a marker of cardiac health and one of the most relevant markers of cardiac hypertrophy. Another explanation for reduced collagen could be related to CTGF gene expression, which is associated with the increased potential for fibrosis ( 38 ). The absence of cardiac remodeling in our results could be related to molecular factors; however, these were not evaluated.…”

Resistance to obesity prevents obesity development without increasing spontaneous physical activity and not directly related to greater metabolic and oxidative capacity

“…The detailing of the composition of the diets is essential to control the conditions of development of obesity and OR [ 3 , 20 ]. The fat profile found in HFD is a relevant variable, as it directly affects body fat gain and the development of metabolic disorders [ 21 ].…”

“…Resistance to Obesity (OR) is a growing research topic in the scientific community with a considerable increase in the number of publications in recent years [ 1 – 3 ]. However, the etiology of OR is still unknown in the literature, since its characterization was described more than three decades ago.…”