The prevalence of dyads in social life

Peperkoorn, Leonard S.; Becker, David V.; Balliet, Daniel; Columbus, Simon; Molho, Catherine; Lange, Paul A. M. Van

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244188

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…In a large study of Facebook friendships, David-Barrett et al (2015) found evidence consistent with women preferring same-sex dyadic relationships and men favoring larger, samesex cliques. Similarly, an experience-sampling study of Dutch and American participants found that women engaged in collective activities in dyads more than men (Peperkoorn et al, 2020). In addition, studies of same-sex groups suggest boys and men tend to organize their groups hierarchically more than women, whereas women are more likely to enforce egalitarianism (Benenson & Abadzi, 2020;Berdahl & Anderson, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Social Networks Based on Prevailing Kinship Norms in the Mosuo of China

Mattison¹,

MacLaren²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Although cooperative social networks are considered key to human evolution, emphasis has usually been placed on the functions of men’s cooperative networks. What do women's networks look like? Do they resemble or differ from men's and what does this suggest about evolutionarily inherited gender differences in reproductive and social strategies? In this paper, we test the ‘universal gender differences’ hypothesis positing gender-specific network structures against the ‘gender reversal’ hypothesis that posits women's networks looking more 'masculine' under matriliny. Specifically, we ask whether men's friendship networks are always larger than women's and we investigate measures of centrality by gender and descent system. To do so, we use tools from social network analysis and data on men’s and women’s friendship ties in matrilineal and patrilineal Mosuo communities. In tentative support of the gender reversal hypothesis, we find that women's friendship networks in matriliny are relatively large. Measures of centrality and generalized linear models otherwise reveal greater differences between communities than between men and women. The data and analyses we present are primarily descriptive given limitations of sample size and sampling strategy. Nonetheless, our results provide support for the flexible application of social relationships across genders and clearly challenge the predominant narrative of universal gender differences across space and time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Social Networks Based on Prevailing Kinship Norms in the Mosuo of China

Mattison¹,

MacLaren²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Compared to women, men may have also experienced greater selection to engage in rapid, large-scale coalition-building, for purposes of often violent aggression (Wrangham and Peterson, 1996). Perhaps consistent with this claim is evidence, at least in WEIRD populations, that men can be more likely to build larger social networks with more "weak" ties (Vigil, 2007;Seabright, 2012;Friebel et al, 2017), prefer socializing in larger same-sex groups (David-Barrett et al, 2015;Benenson, 2019;Peperkoorn et al, 2020), and organize their groups hierarchically while revering other group members' competitiveness (Berdahl and Anderson, 2005;Watkins and Jones, 2016;Benenson and Abadzi, 2020). One general interpretation of the foregoing is that men and women may have evolved different, though overlapping, political strategies, where for men within-group cooperation may be more beneficial for enhancing between-group competition, while for women, within-group cooperation is likely to be more circumscribed and focused on recruiting sources of stable social support (Vandermassen, 2008;Mcdonald et al, 2012).…”

Section: Evoluɵonary Historymentioning

confidence: 80%

“…This includes men's greater tendency for self-promotion, overconfidence and exaggerating their competence, which helps elevate many unqualified men to positions of power (Chamorro-Premuzic, 2019). To the extent men, more than women, prefer to socialize in larger same-sex groups (Low, 1992;David-Barrett et al, 2015;Benenson, 2019;Peperkoorn et al, 2020) and to build larger social networks comprised of many "weak" ties (Vigil, 2007;Seabright, 2012;Friebel et al, 2017), men may be unduly privileged in the pursuit of leadership, particularly in the mixed gender hierarchies of large organizations (van Vugt and Spisak, 2008;Cullen-Lester et al, 2016;Lindenlaub and Prummer, 2020). Effects of social networking on gender differences in leadership are exacerbated when leaders tend to be male and leaders in general prefer to hire and promote similar others (i.e., the "old boys network") (McDonald, 2011;Koch et al, 2015).…”

Section: Some Implications For Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evolutionary Explanation for the Female Leadership Paradox

et al. 2021

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Social influence is distributed unequally between males and females in many mammalian societies. In human societies, gender inequality is particularly evident in access to leadership positions. Understanding why women historically and cross-culturally have tended to be under-represented as leaders within human groups and organizations represents a paradox because we lack evidence that women leaders consistently perform worse than men. We also know that women exercise overt influence in collective group-decisions within small-scale human societies, and that female leadership is pervasive in particular contexts across non-human mammalian societies. Here, we offer a transdisciplinary perspective on this female leadership paradox. Synthesis of social science and biological literatures suggests that females and males, on average, differ in why and how they compete for access to political leadership in mixed-gender groups. These differences are influenced by sexual selection and are moderated by socioecological variation across development and, particularly in human societies, by culturally transmitted norms and institutions. The interplay of these forces contributes to the emergence of female leaders within and across species. Furthermore, females may regularly exercise influence on group decisions in less conspicuous ways and different domains than males, and these underappreciated forms of leadership require more study. We offer a comprehensive framework for studying inequality between females and males in access to leadership positions, and we discuss the implications of this approach for understanding the female leadership paradox and for redressing gender inequality in leadership in humans.

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“…Many everyday activities involve more than one actor at once, and groups of interacting co-actors have different size. Especially, interactions between two humans (so-called dyadic interactions) are the most prevalent in social settings (Peperkoorn et al, 2020 ). During such situations, we spend most of our time trying to coordinate our behavior and actions with other humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinating With a Robot Partner Affects Neural Processing Related to Action Monitoring

et al. 2021

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Robots start to play a role in our social landscape, and they are progressively becoming responsive, both physically and socially. It begs the question of how humans react to and interact with robots in a coordinated manner and what the neural underpinnings of such behavior are. This exploratory study aims to understand the differences in human-human and human-robot interactions at a behavioral level and from a neurophysiological perspective. For this purpose, we adapted a collaborative dynamical paradigm from the literature. We asked 12 participants to hold two corners of a tablet while collaboratively guiding a ball around a circular track either with another participant or a robot. In irregular intervals, the ball was perturbed outward creating an artificial error in the behavior, which required corrective measures to return to the circular track again. Concurrently, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG). In the behavioral data, we found an increased velocity and positional error of the ball from the track in the human-human condition vs. human-robot condition. For the EEG data, we computed event-related potentials. We found a significant difference between human and robot partners driven by significant clusters at fronto-central electrodes. The amplitudes were stronger with a robot partner, suggesting a different neural processing. All in all, our exploratory study suggests that coordinating with robots affects action monitoring related processing. In the investigated paradigm, human participants treat errors during human-robot interaction differently from those made during interactions with other humans. These results can improve communication between humans and robot with the use of neural activity in real-time.

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The prevalence of dyads in social life

Cited by 28 publications

References 59 publications

Gender Differences in Social Networks Based on Prevailing Kinship Norms in the Mosuo of China

Gender Differences in Social Networks Based on Prevailing Kinship Norms in the Mosuo of China

An Evolutionary Explanation for the Female Leadership Paradox

Coordinating With a Robot Partner Affects Neural Processing Related to Action Monitoring

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