The Prevalence of E. coli From Diarrheic Calves and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Test in Selected Dairy Farms of Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 9 dairy farms in and around Debre Zeit from November 2015 to April 2016 with the major objective to estimate the prevalence of E. coli from diarrheic calves up to six months of age and assessment of risk factors associated with calf diarrhea as well as antimicrobial sensitivity testing. Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of diarrheic calves and isolation and identification of the bacterium were confirmed on the basis of their morphology, staining, cultural and biochemical tests. A total of 75 fecal samples were examined for the isolation of bacteria of which 53 (70.7%) samples were positive for E. coli. Age was associated with the prevalence of E. coli (X2=26.094, P=0.00). Thus, age group less than two weeks (OR=1.6), had a higher odds for E. coli infection as compared to those with age group in between 2-4 weeks, and above this weeks of age.The prevalence of E. coli was found high in hand (bottle) feeding method colostrum and calves kept with calf pens having bedding material than those with direct suckling of colostrum and pens without bedding material respectively. However, there was no significant difference between the prevalence of E. coli and the types of farm (p>0.05). The antibiogram study revealed that most of the E. coli was highly susceptible to tetracycline, chloramphinicol, Sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and less susceptible to doxacilline, amoxicillin, nitrofurantoin, ceftazidime, and kanamycine. Furthermore, data regarding the management of the farms were generated through pretested questionnaire and direct observations. So that the recovery rate of E. coli was significantly higher in calves below two weeks of old. Therefore Based on those findings, calf diarrhea was found to high and could affect dairy production and it can be controlled through improved management practices as well as selected drugs to minimize the problem.

Molecular identification of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes and their antibiotic resistance patterns among diarrheic children and in contact calves in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia

“…Moreover, similar results were reported by [ 49 ] (44%) and [ 50 ] (45.8%) in Bangladesh. However, our isolation rate was proportionally lower than the recent works of [ 23 ] and [ 1 ], which stated 70.7% and 76.45% prevalence of E . coli before molecular analysis.…”

Prevalence of Bovine Rotavirus and Coronavirus in Neonatal Calves in Dairy Farms of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Preliminary Study

“…The time between birth and the first feeding is the prime factor for the failure of passive transfer of colostral immunity. Another study conducted in Ethiopia also reported that calf mortality is significantly higher in those that got colostrum late after birth [ 26 ]. A higher infection rate of BRV (8.3%) and BCoV (4.2%) was observed in farms that gave colostrum below 1 liter.…”

A Cross Sectional Study On Molecular Prevalence Of Virulent Genes Of Calves Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli And Bacterial Resistance Profile To Antimicrobials In Selected Towns Of South Wollo Administrative Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia

“…123 diarrheic calves reared within 53 farms in Kombolcha, Dessie and Haik, were sampled where each sites accounted for 55, 59 and 9 calves respectively. For the sake of distinguishing risk factors, calves were classi ed based on farm size(head of dairy cows) as small (<5), medium (6-50) and large (>50); age (wk/s) of calves (≤1, 2-4, 4-6, and 6-12) [11], breed(local, cross and exotic) and sex. Calves were found kept with their dam or in isolated pens for the whole day.…”

“…Consequently, high mortality rate associated with various infectious agents in calves under 3-weeks-old and up to 3-months-old has been reported [9]. E. coli is the most important cause of bacterial scours in calves [11] and poses a signi cant treatment cost, genetic loss and impaired future performance. Although a study based on culture and biotyping has been carried out in Kombolcha previously, E. coli has never been studied in adjacent cosmopolitan areas of Dessie and Haik.…”