The prevalence of metabolic syndrome components, individually and in combination, in male patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome, without previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

Abstract

BackgroundMortality from cardiovascular disease in the Middle East is projected to increase substantially in the coming decades. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) continues to raise interest, but data from the Middle East is limited, especially in non-diabetic patients. This study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of MS and frequency of its components, individually and in combination, in a male population presenting with ACS, but without a previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsThis is a prospective study of 467 consecutive male patients hospitalized for ACS. They were categorized according to the specific criteria stated in the latest joint statement for the global definition of MS.ResultsThe mean age was (49.7±10.7 years). Of the 467 patients, 324 (69.4%) fulfilled the criteria for MS. ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) was identified in 178 patients (54.9%), and non-ST elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) in 146 patients (45.1%). These proportions were not significantly different from those without MS (STEMI 51.7% vs. NSTE-ACS 48.3%, respectively). However, patients with MS were older (50.6±10 vs. 47.9±11 years; p=0.012), and more than half of those with MS were above 50 years. The most common abnormal metabolic components were reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c; 94.1%), elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG; 89.8%), and elevated triglycerides (81.8%), followed by increased waist circumference (61.7%) and raised blood pressure (40.4%). The majority of patients with MS had three or more metabolic components (326 patients, 69.4%), and 102 (21.8%) had two components, but only 37 (8.4%) had a single component.ConclusionsIn ACS patients, without previous history of DM, MS is highly prevalent. Reduced HDL, elevated FBG and triglycerides were the most frequent metabolic components. The majority had multiple components. These findings raise alarm and show that drug therapy alone may not be fully effective, unless the underlying risk factors causing MS, such as weight and exercise, are also tackled.

Awareness and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among high-risk individuals attending internal medicine clinics across Jordan

“…This conclusion is consistent with a previous report, where increasing age was found to affect the prevalence of MetS [14]. Individuals with lower income showed increased risk of MetS.…”

“…In the literature the prevalence of different components varied considerably with some components being the most prevalent in some studies and least prevalent in other studies [14,15]. The high prevalence rate of central obesity in this study is consistent with the reported increasing rate in the literature [16].…”

Is metabolic syndrome related with coronary artery disease severity and complexity: An observational study about IDF and AHA/NHLBI metabolic syndrome definitions

“…In patients hospitalized for ACS, the prevalence ranged between 43% and [19]. Recently, Al-Aqeedi et al [20] reported that in ACS patients without history of diabetes MS was frequent (69.4%) and reduced HDL increased fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides were the most frequent MS components. Although MS is frequently associated with diabetes, in the absence of diabetes MS resulted in increased cardiovascular events and mortality.…”

Metabolic Syndrome and Its Factors Affect Cognitive Function in Chronic Schizophrenia Complicated by Metabolic Syndrome

“…The patients were diagnosed according to diagnostic criteria for MS of the Chinese Diabetes Society in 2004 and were assigned to the MS group if they satisfied three or four of the following conditions (Al-Aqeedi et al, 2013;Cavali Mde et al, 2010): obesity, body mass index (BMI) of 25.0 kg/m 2 or greater; hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus, fasting plasma glucose of 6.1 mmol/l or greater or plasma glucose of 7.8 mmol/l or greater; hypertension, systolic/diastolic pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or greater; and dyslipidemia, fasting serum triglycerides (TGs) of 1.7 mmol/l or greater or fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) of less than 0.9 mmol/l for the men and less than 1.0 mmol/l for the women.…”