The prevalence of non-communicable disease in older people in prison: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Munday, David R.; Leaman, Jane; O’Moore, Éamonn; Plugge, Emma

doi:10.1093/ageing/afy186

Cited by 44 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Given the vulnerability of this prisoner group, further research with the following foci may be considered an ethical imperative: Identifying older prisoners’ social care needs – important to establish for the development of policy and in commissioning services. This is also consistent with recent government guidance in one country (Munday, Leaman, & O’Moore, 2017) End-of-life care and hospices - although compassionate or early release may appear to be the most obvious route for prisoners reaching the end of their lives or with significant health and social care needs such as dementia, in many high income countries it is used sparingly for fear of public censure (Justice Committee, 2013; Loeb, Penrod, McGhan, Kitt-Lewis, & Hollenbeak, 2014). Therefore, evaluations of various end of life options could be useful, potentially building upon the USA-based hospice work, but including cell-based and community transfer options as well. Personal care – this could include the development and evaluation of a model of practice to reflect the main way that the social care needs of prisoners are likely to be assessed and attended (Tucker et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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A systematic integrative review of programmes addressing the social care needs of older prisoners

et al. 2019

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Background The number of older prisoners has risen exponentially over the last two decades, especially in high-income countries. Due to the increased and somewhat inadequately met health and social care needs of this group of prisoners, coupled with their vulnerability arising from higher levels of isolation, poverty and exploitation, financial costs have spiralled and human rights concerns have grown. This review aimed to present an overview of programmes that addressed older prisoners’ social care needs, a particularly underdeveloped area, with a view to assessing the extent to which they could inform policy and practice. Methods Following Whittemore and Knafl’s (J Adv Nurs 52:546-553, 2005) integrative review approach, a comprehensive search - including 16 electronic databases and hand searching - was undertaken up to May 2017 using search terms related to context, function and disability. The quality of included papers was assessed, data were extracted using a review-specific form based on the PICO formula, and research questions addressed using a narrative synthesis approach. Additionally, reporting followed PRISMA guidelines. Results A total of 29 papers were selected for inclusion, the majority of which focused on hospice programmes, with the remainder describing personal care-focused services, structured day programmes, and adaptations to prison operations (regime) and accommodation in support of prisoners’ social care needs. Whilst the programmes were reported to have some positive impacts on prisoners and the prison overall, and programmes were perceived to be cost-effective or cost-neutral, outcomes regarding staff were more mixed. Findings were tempered by the methodological shortcomings of the included papers, with many assessed as low quality, with a lack of prisoner participation, and an absence of experimental studies. Conclusions The evidence base for programmes addressing older prisoners’ social care needs appears to be at an embryonic stage. Further robust studies evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of programmes addressing older prisoners’ social care needs are imperative in better informing policy and practice in support of this highly vulnerable group. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40352-019-0090-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Identifying older prisoners’ social care needs – important to establish for the development of policy and in commissioning services. This is also consistent with recent government guidance in one country (Munday, Leaman, & O’Moore, 2017)…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

A systematic integrative review of programmes addressing the social care needs of older prisoners

et al. 2019

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“…Evidence from western countries shows that noncommunicable disease (NCD) is a public health problem in prison [34,35,[41][42][43][44][45]. Recent studies in Africa showed an increased prevalence of NCD among prisoners [44,45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is therefore conceivable that such a population put in this environment could develop diabetes. Sedentary lifestyle, hypertension, smoking, and alcohol [35,[43][44][45]. As in the normal population, plasma glucose levels turn to increase with age [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, several studies in western countries showed similar or reduced diabetes prevalence among prisoners [32][33][34]. This prevalence could be higher among a particular group of prisoners, especially those over 50 years [35]. In Cameroon, previous studies reported promiscuity, increased carceral population, and high prevalence of obesity and hypertension among prisoners [36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Prevalence of Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors among a Group of Prisoners in the Yaoundé Central Prison

Njonnou

Boombhi

Etoga

et al. 2020

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Background. Diabetes is a public health problem worldwide, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2017 data, around 425 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes. This number is expected to increase to 629 million in 2045. Various occidental studies reported the increased prevalence and lower control of diabetes among prisoners. However, there is no data on the characteristics of inmates with diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. A cross-sectional study among incarcerated detainees from the Yaoundé Central Prison was conducted from January to July 2017. Diabetes was defined according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Analyzed variables included phenotypic characteristics, lifestyle, the reason for detention, the sentence severity, and the length of detention. Results. We recruited 437 inmates (344 men) with an average age of 37.0 (95% CI: 35.9-38.3) years. The most frequent age group was 20 to 39 years with 281 (64.7%) inmates, and the mean prison stay was 29.1 (95% CI: 25.7-32.8) months. The prevalence of diabetes in the Yaoundé Central Prison was 9.4%. The main cardiovascular risk factors were a sedentary lifestyle (91.1%), hypertension (39.6%), smoking (31.6%), and alcohol consumption (28.1%). Hypertension (p=0.005), obesity (p=0.0006), smoking (p=0.04), sedentary lifestyle (p=0.04), major crime (p=0.007), and minor crime (p=0.003) were associated with diabetes in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, only obesity and sedentary lifestyle were associated with diabetes. Conclusion. Diabetes prevalence in the Yaoundé Central Prison was high, at 9.4%, compared to that in the general population. It was associated with other classical cardiovascular risk factors and factors linked to the sentence (minor and major crimes). This trial is registered with CE00617/CRERSHC/2016.

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COVID-19 Infection Among Incarcerated Individuals and Prison Staff in Lombardy, Italy, March 2020 to February 2021

et al. 2022

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Key Points Question What was the COVID-19 infection rate among incarcerated individuals and staff during the first pandemic year in the prison system in Lombardy, Italy, when infection prevention measures had been implemented? Findings In this cross-sectional study including a mean population of 7599 incarcerated individuals and 4591 staff members of 18 prisons in Lombardy, case rate and relative risk were significantly higher in incarcerated individuals and prison staff than the general population. Significant correlations between assessed control measures and case rate in incarcerated individuals were not found. Meaning The findings of this study suggest that prison settings need to be included and prioritized in the framework of emergency preparedness and response.

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The prevalence of non-communicable disease in older people in prison: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 44 publications

References 16 publications

A systematic integrative review of programmes addressing the social care needs of older prisoners

A systematic integrative review of programmes addressing the social care needs of older prisoners

Prevalence of Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors among a Group of Prisoners in the Yaoundé Central Prison

COVID-19 Infection Among Incarcerated Individuals and Prison Staff in Lombardy, Italy, March 2020 to February 2021

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