The prevalence of novel periodontal pathogens and bacterial complexes in Stage II generalized periodontitis based on 16S rRNA next generation sequencing

Abstract

The prevalence of novel periodontal pathogens and bacterial complexes in Stage II generalized periodontitis based on 16S rRNA next generation sequencing Objective: To define the subgingival microbial profile associated with Stage II generalized periodontitis using next-generation sequencing and to determine the relative abundance of novel periodontal pathogens and bacterial complexes. Methodology: Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from 80 subjects diagnosed with Stage II generalized periodontitis. Bacterial DNA was extracted, and 16S rRNA-based bacterial profiling via next-generation sequencing was carried out. The bacterial composition and diversity of microbial communities based on the age and sex of the patients were analyzed. The bacterial species were organized into groups: bacterial complexes (red, orange, purple, yellow, and green), novel periodontal pathogens, periodontal health-related species, and unclassified periodontal species. The results were analyzed and statistically evaluated. Results: The highest number of bacteria belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. In terms of relative abundance, the orange complex represented 18.99%, novel bacterial species (Fretibacterium spp. and Saccharibacteria spp.) comprised 17.34%, periodontal health-related species accounted for 16.75% and unclassified periodontal species represented (Leptotrichia spp. and Selenomonas spp.) 15.61%. Novel periodontal pathogens had outweighed the periodontal disease-related red complex (5.3%). The one-sample z-test performed was statistically significant at p<0.05. The Beta diversity based on the unweighted UniFrac distance at the species level demonstrated a total variance of 15.77% based on age and 39.19% on sex, which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The bacterial species corresponding to the disease-related orange complex and novel periodontal pathogens are predominant in Stage II generalized periodontitis.

Differences in the subgingival microbiome according to stage of periodontitis: A comparison of two geographic regions

“…F . alocis is an asaccharolytic anaerobic fastidious gram-positive rod associated with periodontitis because of its ability to survive in the periodontal pocket’s oxidative stress-rich environment and alter microbial community dynamics by interacting with several oral bacteria [ 46 ]. Furthermore, this bacterium has shown relevant virulence capacities, such as resistance to oxidative stress, production of unique proteases and collagenases, and the ability to dysregulate the host response.…”

Complete Genome Sequence of “ Candidatus Nanosynbacter” Strain HMT-348_TM7c-JB, a Member of Saccharibacteria Clade G1

“…Saccharibacteria have a small cell size, reduced genomes, and appear to have an epiparasitic lifestyle, dependent on host bacteria ( 1 – 3 ). Saccharibacteria are common constituents of the oral microbiota, and although they have been correlated with inflammation and disease, their relationship to human health and their overall physiology and lifestyle are poorly understood ( 4 – 7 ). There are at least 6 major clades of oral Saccharibacteria , with the clade G1 group, human microbial taxon (HMT) 348, being one of the most abundant Saccharibacteria groups detected in supragingival and subgingival plaque, and on the buccal mucosa ( 6 , 8 , 9 ).…”

Enrichment of sulphate-reducers and depletion of butyrate-producers may be hyperglycaemia signatures in the diabetic oral microbiome

“…Another sulphate-reducer was found to be a protagonist in this study, Desulfobulbus , which has previously been referred to as a periodontal pathobiont, because it induces proinflammatory response and secretes potential protein toxins [ 43 ]. Although in low abundance, it was significantly enriched in subgingival sites with periodontitis [ 44 ]. Therefore, the presence of this sulfidogenic microorganism in hyperglycaemic and periodontitis microbiomes is easily understandable.…”