The prevalence of obesity in the adult population in Russia and over the world (literature review)

Abstract

Introduction. The prevalence of obesity shows a significant gain in rate, which is a serious threat to the entire world community In this regard, special attention should be paid to the problem of rational nutrition and increasing the preventive activity of the population The purpose of study is to analyze the features and dynamics of the spread of the problem of obesity in Russia and over the world, to determine the main directions of prevention of obesity in the adult population. Material and methods. In the course of this study, a retrospective analysis of official statistics of the Ministry of Health and WHO databases was executed. In order to provide a more complete representation of rank distributions and dynamics of indicators, histograms were used, calculated growth coefficients, as well as chain and basic growth rates were used as statistical indicators. Statistical data processing was carried out using SPSS, Excel-2007 packages. Separate methods of literature search were used including the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, CyberLeninka, RSCI, eLibrary, and analytical, statistical methods, study and generalization of experience, comparative analysis. Results. The analysis showed the lowest level of obesity to be typical for countries with low or lower middle income: (Vietnam (2.1%), India (3.8%), Indonesia (6.9%), Bangladesh (3.4%), Nepal (3.8%), Ethiopia (3.6%), Afghanistan (4.5%)). The maximum level of obesity in 2016 in Europe was recorded in the UK. The maximum value of obesity among adults in Russia is typical for the Siberian Federal District, which is by 1.7 times higher than the average in Russia. The Central Federal District, the North Caucasian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District have low values of the obesity index (71.1%, 75.3% and 77.1%, respectively). Conclusion. With the aim of reducing the growth of the morbidity rate of obesity it is necessary to conduct the state adequate preventive measures, strengthening the role health-saving activities and health technologies, and the formation of the motivational attitude to their own health - from the side of man as the subject of health.