The Preventive Effect of Dexmedetomidine Against Postoperative Intra-abdominal Adhesions in Rats

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the possible preventive effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective and potent α2 adrenergic agonist with sedative, analgesic, anxiolytic, sympatholytic, hemodynamic, and diuretic properties. In recent years, investigations have shown that dexmedetomidine possesses secondary antioxidant and also anti-inflammatory effects. Thirty Wistar albino male rats were randomized and divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each: group 1, sham-operated; group 2, cecal abrasion + peritoneal dissection; group 3, cecal abrasion + peritoneal dissection followed by daily intravenous injection of 10 μg/kg dexmedetomidine for 10 days. The animals were killed on postoperative day 21. Blood and cecal samples were taken for biochemical and histopathologic evaluation. In this study, biochemical and pathologic parameters were significantly better in the cecal abrasion + peritoneal dissection + dexmedetomidine group when compared with the cecal abrasion + peritoneal dissection group. Tissue malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, total sulfhydryl, and catalase were found to be significantly different between the cecal abrasion/peritoneal dissection + dexmedetomidine and the cecal abrasion/peritoneal dissection groups. Plasma malondialdehyde and total sulfhydryl values were also statistically different between these groups (P < 0.05). Statistical analyses of mean pathologic scores showed that the histopathologic damage in the cecal abrasion/peritoneal dissection + dexmedetomidine group was significantly less than the damage in the control group (P < 0.05 for all pathologic parameters). The results of this study show that dexmedetomidine had a significant preventive effect on postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions. We concluded that these effects might be due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Dexmedetomidine Against Radioiodine Toxicity in Rats: Evaluation of Oxidative Status and Histopathologic Changes

“…Since then, a growing number of research articles have aimed at investigating other possible applications, including use as a protective agent for I/R injury in various organs including the rat skeletal muscle, intestines, heart, kidneys, overs, lungs and liver. [6][7][8][9][10][29][30][31] In addition, in other studies, the beneficial effects of DEX on liver injury have been analyzed under different experimental conditions including hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, 30,31 obstructive jaundice, 13 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease, 32 acid-induced acute lung injury, 33 and experimental sepsis models. 34 Sahin et al 30 investigated the possible protection of DEX against IR-induced liver injury in rats and claimed that administration of DEX to the IR group reduced the MDA level while increasing the SOD, CAT, GSH, and GSH-Px activities.…”

“…[6][7][8][9][10] Moreover, preclinical studies on DEX have indicated that DEX could be a good option for treating T cell-mediated liver injury, 11 and it has beneficial effects on the liver in experimental liver injury models including ischemia-reperfusion and obstructive jaundice. 12,13 It was concluded that these effects of DEX might also be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.…”

Effects of Intraoperative Ketamine Versus Dexmedetomidine on Release of Inflammatory Mediators in Laparoscopic Hysterectomy. Prospective Randomized Trial

“…Also, earlier studies were reported that dexmedetomidine decreased TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations in rats with sepsis [13,16] and alleviated in ammation in a rat model with spinal cord injury [7]. Furthermore, it signi cantly decreased the development of postoperative intraabdominal adhesions in rats with abdominal surgery [17]. This anti-in ammatory effect of dexmedetomidine was demonstrated also in clinical trials, where its administration postoperatively to patients requiring sedation and mechanical ventilation was associated with decreased concentrations of IL-6 levels [11].…”

The Anti-Adhesive Effect of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor on an Abdominal Adhesion Model in Sprague-Dawley Rats

“…The adhesion formation process has been explored in different ways and can be divided into four stages: an in ammatory post-injury stage, a brin dissolving stage, a brous band stage, and a phagocytic and remodeling stage [22][23][24]. Many studies have determined that in ammatory responses play an important role in the formation of adhesions [25,26]. Wei et al [27] reported that gallic acid reduces adhesions formation in rats by inhibiting in ammatory reactions.…”