The primitive streak

Bellairs, Ruth

doi:10.1007/bf00318331

Cited by 149 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…This process is called gastrulation. It is brought about by the primitive streak (Bellairs, 1986;Stern, 2004), which regresses posteriorly, leaving newly created mesenchymal cells behind along the trunk in large numbers that will form almost all of the mesoderm of the embryo, including some epithelia as well as connective tissue. The presumptive mesoderm and endoderm reside in the epiblast, and they both invaginate as primitive streak mesenchyme into the space between the epiblast and the hypoblast ( Fig.…”

Section: Significant Emt Centers In the Embryo And The Fate Of The Mementioning

confidence: 99%

The mesenchymal cell, its role in the embryo, and the remarkable signaling mechanisms that create it

Hay

2005

Developmental Dynamics

578

479

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This review centers on the role of the mesenchymal cell in development. The creation of this cell is a remarkable process, one where a tightly knit, impervious epithelium suddenly extends filopodia from its basal surface and gives rise to migrating cells. The ensuing process of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) creates the mechanism that makes it possible for the mesenchymal cell to become mobile, so as to leave the epithelium and move through the extracellular matrix. EMT is now recognized as a very important mechanism for the remodeling of embryonic tissues, with the power to turn an epithelial somite into sclerotome mesenchyme, and the neural crest into mesenchyme that migrates to many targets. Thus, the time has come for serious study of the underlying mechanisms and the signaling pathways that are used to form the mesenchymal cell in the embryo. In this review, I discuss EMT centers in the embryo that are ready for such serious study and review our current understanding of the mechanisms used for EMT in vitro, as well as those that have been implicated in EMT in vivo. The purpose of this review is not to describe every study published in this rapidly expanding field but rather to stimulate the interest of the reader in the study of the role of the mesenchymal cell in the embryo, where it plays profound roles in development. In the adult, mesenchymal cells may give rise to metastatic tumor cells and other pathological conditions that we will touch on at the end of the review. Developmental Dynamics 233:706 -720, 2005.

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Section: Significant Emt Centers In the Embryo And The Fate Of The Mementioning

confidence: 99%

The mesenchymal cell, its role in the embryo, and the remarkable signaling mechanisms that create it

Hay

2005

Developmental Dynamics

578

479

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“…Fibrillin was seen along the length of the primitive streak from stage 3 + through stage 5. The embryonic endoderm migrates through the primitive streak until the head process (stage 5) stage (Bellairs, 1986). Lateral mesoderm and heart mesoderm as well as the lateral portions of the somites also migrate through the primitive streak rather than the node.…”

Section: Localization Of Fibrillin At the Primary Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrillin delineates the primary axis of the early avian embryo

Gallagher

Sakai

Little

1993

Developmental Dynamics

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Chicken embryos were immunolabeled with antibodies to fibrillin, an extracellular matrix molecule implicated in the Marfan syndrome. The pattern of labeling, established using both whole-mounted and sectioned embryos, showed a striking localization at the primary axis of the early embryo, including Hensen's node. After stage 8, the labeling of Hensen's node diminished while other structures in the embryo exhibited increased immunolabeling. These structures include the region of the presumptive dorsal aorta, the ventral surface of the notochord, and the mesocardium. Injections of the antibody between the vitelline membrane and the blastoderm in vivo failed to perturb the development of embryos, thus precluding any conclusions regarding the function of fibrillin. o 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…One of the earliest steps in generating this diversity is the patterning of mesoderm precursors along the dorsoventral (D/V) body axis, the molecular mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, mesoderm cells emerge from the ectoderm through the gastrulation process, and in amniotes this process takes place in a transitory structure called the primitive streak (referred to hereafter as the streak) (Bellairs, 1986;Mikawa et al, 2004;Psychoyos and Stern, 1996a). The streak is composed mainly of mesoderm precursors, which are still an integral part of the epiblast and with many epithelial characteristics, en route to becoming true mesoderm cells with mesenchymal morphologies (Nakaya and Sheng, 2009;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic landscape of the primitive streak

Alev¹,

Wu²,

Kasukawa

et al. 2010

Development

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SUMMARYIn birds and mammals, all mesoderm cells are generated from the primitive streak. Nascent mesoderm cells contain unique dorsoventral (D/V) identities according to their relative ingression position along the streak. Molecular mechanisms controlling this initial phase of mesoderm diversification are not well understood. Using the chick model, we generated high-quality transcriptomic datasets of different streak regions and analyzed their molecular heterogeneity. Fifteen percent of expressed genes exhibit differential expression levels, as represented by two major groups (dorsal to ventral and ventral to dorsal). A complete set of transcription factors and many novel genes with strong and region-specific expression were uncovered. Core components of BMP, Wnt and FGF pathways showed little regional difference, whereas their positive and negative regulators exhibited both dorsal-to-ventral and ventral-to-dorsal gradients, suggesting that robust D/V positional information is generated by fine-tuned regulation of key signaling pathways at multiple levels. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive molecular resource for understanding mesoderm diversification in vivo and targeted mesoderm lineage differentiation in vitro.

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The primitive streak

Cited by 149 publications

References 96 publications

The mesenchymal cell, its role in the embryo, and the remarkable signaling mechanisms that create it

The mesenchymal cell, its role in the embryo, and the remarkable signaling mechanisms that create it

Fibrillin delineates the primary axis of the early avian embryo

Transcriptomic landscape of the primitive streak

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