The Principle of (Im)politeness Reciprocity

Culpeper, Jonathan; Tantucci, Vittorio

doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2021.01.008

Cited by 79 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Finally, our results argue that, contrary to the assumption of economic theory that rational agents are self-interested, individuals' decision making is strongly influenced by social interactions such as social concerns for justice, fairness, and reciprocity (Gouldner, 1960 ; Henrich et al, 2005 ; Fiddick et al, 2013 ; Geraci, 2020 ; Culpeper and Tantucci, 2021 ; Geraci and Franchin, 2021 ; Geraci et al, 2021 ). In particular, our work is further evidence of the need to broaden the range of regions for cross-cultural investigation for cognitive psychology and experimental economics (Henrich et al, 2010 ; Masuda et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

How the Custom Suppresses the Endowment Effect: Exchange Paradigm in Kanak Country

Baratgin

Godin²,

Jamet

2022

Front. Psychol.

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In this paper, Knetsch's exchange paradigm is analyzed from the perspective of pragmatics and social norms. In this paradigm the participant, at the beginning of the experiment, receives an object from the experimenter and at the end, the same experimenter offers to exchange the received object for an equivalent object. The observed refusal to exchange is called the endowment effect. We argue that this effect comes from an implicature made by the participant about the experimenter's own expectations. The participant perceives the received item as a gift, or as a present, from the experimenter that cannot be exchanged as stipulated by the social norms of western politeness common to both the experimenter and the participant. This implicature, however, should not be produced by participants from Kanak culture for whom the perceived gift of a good will be interpreted as a first act of exchange based on gift and counter-gift. This exchange is a natural, frequent, balanced, and indispensable act for all Kanak social bonds whether private or public. Kanak people also know the French social norms that they apply in their interactions with French people living in New Caledonia. In our experiment, we show that when the exchange paradigm takes place in a French context, with a French experimenter and in French, the Kanak participant is subject to the endowment effect in the same way as a French participant. On the other hand, when the paradigm is carried out in a Kanak context, with a Kanak experimenter and in the vernacular language, or in a Kanak context that approaches the ceremonial of the custom, the endowment effect is no longer observed. The same number of Kanak participants accept or refuse to exchange the endowed item. These results, in addition to providing a new explanation for the endowment effect, highlight the great flexibility of decisions according to social-cultural context.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

How the Custom Suppresses the Endowment Effect: Exchange Paradigm in Kanak Country

Baratgin

Godin²,

Jamet

2022

Front. Psychol.

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“…Neither do intelligence and refinement of manners: "La grossièreté, la rusticité, la brutalité peuvent être les vices d'un homme d'esprit." 19 ("Judgments," 48).…”

Section: The Year 2008 Could Be Referred To As "The Year Of Impoliteness" the Appearance Of A Book [Bousfield's Impoliteness In Interactiunclassified

“…18 "With virtue, ability, and good behaviour, one can be unbearable." 19 "Coarseness, rusticity, and brutality can be the vices of a man of wit." 20 "Il est vrai que les manières polies donnent cours au mérite, et le rendent agréable; et qu'il faut avoir de bien éminentes qualités pour se soutenir sans la politesse.…”

Section: Routine Greeting Rituals: Foundationsunclassified

On Cooperation and Im/politeness in French Interactions

Oliveira¹

2021

StALan

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In Culpeper’s (2009) extensive study of how impoliteness-related terms are used, especially in relation to people’s expectations in public-service contexts, the term “french” occurs twice, along with “doorman,” “bouncer,” “bartender,” “waitress,” “waiter,” “yorker,” “staff.” Based on this, could one suppose that, in daily interactions in French, the principles of cooperation (Grice, 1975) and politeness come into conflict, leading to the characterization of speakers as impolite? If this is the case, why? How does it occur? Is this characterization specific to public-service contexts, or does it extend to other domains of social life? Aiming to provide answers to these questions, this study draws on the framework of conversation analysis using a socio-pragmatic approach (from Austin, 1962, to Kerbrat-Orecchioni, 2010, and Culpeper, 2021). Guided by socio-cultural and historical factors (Bourdieu, 1984; La Bruyère, 1688), it explores the concept of linguistic im/politeness (Culpeper, 2009, 2021; Curtin, 1995; Meier, 1995) in its interaction with Grice’s (1975) principles of cooperation. To this end, we examine the ritual of greeting, in particular the exchange of “bonjour” in daily social interactions in a French-speaking context, using an authentic data corpus (Reddit, 2014). The results of our analysis show that, in certain situations, when the symmetry of this ritual is broken and the act fails, French speakers attribute to what is understood as politeness a rating higher than they do to cooperation, giving rise to the opposite phenomenon, impoliteness.

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“…This subset had to be determined first. It is difficult and there is no agreed methodology in the recent field of Corpus Pragmatics to query a non-pragmatically annotated corpus using a pragmatic category (requests) that is not just lexically realised and thus consists of more than one word (see Flöck & Geluykens, 2015;John, Brooks, & Schriever, 2019;Culpeper & Tantucci, 2021, for examples of pragmaticallyannotated corpora and Garcia McAllister, 2014 for an example of manually identified pragmatic categories). To do this, a list of 24 corpus search queries was created from literature into requests and sorted into Blum-Kulka House and Kasper's (2011) head act type categorisation (see chapter six, section 6.1 for more detail).…”

Section: Requestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To mitigate this, first, a general literature search into Corpus Pragmatics, analysing requests using corpora, was conducted. Only a limited number were found, and they involved pragmatically tagging the corpus (John, Brooks, & Schriever, 2019;Culpeper & Tantucci) or a detailed reading of the entire corpus (Garcia Mcallister, 2014) which was not feasible in this thesis.…”

Section: Mild Hintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Language of Online Child Sexual Groomers - A Corpus Assisted Discourse Study of Intentions, Requests and Grooming Duration

Kinzel¹

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Online grooming has become a wide-spread and worryingly fast increasing issue in society. This thesis analyses a corpus of online grooming communication, made available by the Perverted Justice (PJ) archive, a non-profit organisation that from 2004 until 2019 employed volunteers, who pretended to be children and entered chat rooms to catch and convict groomers, collaborating with law enforcement. The archive consists of 622 grooming chat logs and approx. 3.7 million words of groomer language. A corpus of this database was built, and a Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS) approach used to analyse the language therein. Specifically, the language was compared to a reference corpus of general chat language data (PAN2012) and duration of online grooming and manipulative requesting behaviour were also investigated. The following research questions were answered: 1)What are the features of a corpus of online groomer language compared to that of a general digital chat language reference corpus? Is online groomer language distinct? How are online grooming intentions realised linguistically by online groomers?2)Does duration of grooming influence the grooming process/intentions? Is usage of specific words/specific grooming intentions associated with different duration of grooming? Can different duration profiles be established and, if so, what are the cut-off points for these duration profiles?3)How are requests realised in online grooming and how does duration influence this? How do groomers make requests and what support move functions do they use? Does duration influence how requests are made, and the type of support move function that are used?The thesis newly identifies nuanced linguistic realisations of groomers’ intentions and strategies, proposing a new working terminology for discourse-based models of online grooming. This is based on a review of the literature followed by an empirical analysis refining this terminology, which has not been done before. It finds evidence for two distinct duration-based grooming approaches and yields a fine-grained qualitative analysis of groomer requests, also influenced by grooming duration. There have only been very few studies using a CADS analysis of such a large dataset of groomer language and this thesis will lead to new insights, implications and significance for the successful analysis, detection and prevention of online grooming.

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The Principle of (Im)politeness Reciprocity

Cited by 79 publications

References 24 publications

How the Custom Suppresses the Endowment Effect: Exchange Paradigm in Kanak Country

How the Custom Suppresses the Endowment Effect: Exchange Paradigm in Kanak Country

On Cooperation and Im/politeness in French Interactions

The Language of Online Child Sexual Groomers - A Corpus Assisted Discourse Study of Intentions, Requests and Grooming Duration

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