The Probable Minimum Numbers of Newcastle Disease Virus Particles Required to Initiate Infection in Chick embryos and Baby Chicks

Nadel, M. K.; Fryer, H.C.; Eisenstark, A.

doi:10.1093/infdis/100.1.88

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…From virology, it is known, for example, that a single virus particle can be sufficient to infect a cell. 61 Hence, a few molecules escaping from the endocytic vesicles into the cytosol may be sufficient for biological purposes even though they cannot be detected with current microscopic techniques.…”

Section: ' Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential therapeutic applications of CPPs thus depend critically on the number of cargo molecules that are required in the cytosol or in the nucleus to produce their effect. From virology, it is known, for example, that a single virus particle can be sufficient to infect a cell . Hence, a few molecules escaping from the endocytic vesicles into the cytosol may be sufficient for biological purposes even though they cannot be detected with current microscopic techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contributions of Glycosaminoglycan Binding and Clustering to the Biological Uptake of the Nonamphipathic Cell-Penetrating Peptide WR₉

Ziegler

Seelig

2011

Biochemistry

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Many cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) bind to glycosaminoglycans (GAG) located on the extracellular side of biological tissues. CPP binding to the cell surface is intimately associated with clustering of surface molecules and is usually followed by uptake into the cell interior. We have investigated the uptake mechanism by comparing CPPs which bind, but cannot induce, GAG clustering with those which do induce GAG clustering. We have synthesized the tryptophan-labeled CPP nona-l-arginine (WR(9)) and its monodispersely PEGylated derivate (PEG(27)-WR(9)) and have compared them with respect to glycan binding, glycan clustering, and their uptake into living cells. Both CPPs bind to the GAG heparin with high affinity (K(D) ∼ 100 nM), but the PEGylation prevents the GAG clustering. Thus, it is possible to uncouple and analyze the contributions of GAG binding and GAG clustering to the biological CPP uptake. The uptake of PEG-WR(9) into CH-K1 cells is confined to intracellular vesicles, where colocalization with transferrin attests to an endocytic uptake. Transfection experiments with plasmid DNA for GFP revealed poor GFP expression, suggesting that endocytic uptake of PEG-WR(9) is compromised by insufficient release from endocytic vesicles. In contrast, WR(9) shows two uptake routes. At low concentration (<5 μM), WR(9) uptake occurs mainly through endocytosis. At higher concentration, WR(9) uptake is greatly enhanced, showing a diffuse spreading over the entire cytoplasm and nucleus-a phenomenon termed "transduction". Transduction of WR(9) leads to a higher GFP expression as compared to PEG-WR(9) endocytosis but also damages the plasma membrane as evidenced by SYTOX Green staining. The results suggest that GAG binding without and with GAG clustering induce two different pathways of CPP uptake.

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Section: ' Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of Glycosaminoglycan Binding and Clustering to the Biological Uptake of the Nonamphipathic Cell-Penetrating Peptide WR₉

Ziegler

Seelig

2011

Biochemistry

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Heterogeneity within Strains of Newcastle Disease Virus: Key to Survival

Hanson

1988

Newcastle Disease

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Factors Influencing the Airborne Spread of Newcastle Disease

Gloster

1983

British Veterinary Journal

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The Probable Minimum Numbers of Newcastle Disease Virus Particles Required to Initiate Infection in Chick embryos and Baby Chicks

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Contributions of Glycosaminoglycan Binding and Clustering to the Biological Uptake of the Nonamphipathic Cell-Penetrating Peptide WR₉

Contributions of Glycosaminoglycan Binding and Clustering to the Biological Uptake of the Nonamphipathic Cell-Penetrating Peptide WR₉

Heterogeneity within Strains of Newcastle Disease Virus: Key to Survival

Factors Influencing the Airborne Spread of Newcastle Disease

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The Probable Minimum Numbers of Newcastle Disease Virus Particles Required to Initiate Infection in Chick embryos and Baby Chicks

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Contributions of Glycosaminoglycan Binding and Clustering to the Biological Uptake of the Nonamphipathic Cell-Penetrating Peptide WR9

Contributions of Glycosaminoglycan Binding and Clustering to the Biological Uptake of the Nonamphipathic Cell-Penetrating Peptide WR9

Heterogeneity within Strains of Newcastle Disease Virus: Key to Survival

Factors Influencing the Airborne Spread of Newcastle Disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Contributions of Glycosaminoglycan Binding and Clustering to the Biological Uptake of the Nonamphipathic Cell-Penetrating Peptide WR₉

Contributions of Glycosaminoglycan Binding and Clustering to the Biological Uptake of the Nonamphipathic Cell-Penetrating Peptide WR₉