The Problem of Preparation of Aikido Athletes of the Second Period of Adulthood for the First and Second Dan Degree Attestation

Abstract

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the organization of physical culture and sports activities of athletes of the second period of adulthood in aikido in preparation for certification for the first and second dan degree. The state of physical culture and sports activity in the conditions of preparation for the exam for the master level is revealed. It is determined that aikido classes are recommended for adult athletes, especially of the second period of adulthood, regardless of their level of previous training. This fact corresponds to the age characteristics of this age group, and, due to individual and multifactorial approach, not only serves as a stimulus for physical exercises, but also gives the opportunity to continue active sports activities in the second period of adulthood and in subsequent periods. It was found that the optimization of physical culture and sports activities and in particular the preparation and the process of dan degree certification has a positive effect on psycho-emotional and physical condition of the athlete, reduces risk of injury during the training, aikido demonstration or certification performance. It is established that the use of division of athletes into groups according to their weight and physiological characteristics, adopted in other martial arts, is effective for aikido, reduces the risk of injury during the certification and more effectively practice and consolidate new skills. At the same time, it gives a very isolated vision of technology and its forms, because classical aikido involves working with a partner of any age, weight category and level of physical fitness.
 This article identifies the problems of preparing aikido athletes of the second period of adulthood for attestation for the first and second dan degree. The features of the integral training of athletes of this age category are firstly, they are non- professional athletes who, as a rule, started practicing aikido already in adulthood that entails a number of age-related physiological aspects; often they have no any sports experience before doing aikido, or have some experience in other martial arts or kind of sports. Secondly, the dan exam (black belt, master’s degree) is preceded by a series of attestations at the qui level (student’s degree), which is a preparatory stage during which aikidoka develops his technical level, endurance, the ability of effective interaction with a partner of any level of physical preparedness and without reference to the nature of his technical and tactical actions. However, the duration of the dan exam (1-1,5 hours), the variety of techniques that are to be demonstrated at the same pace of work (manual techniques in different sections and work with weapons). A high level of psychological, emotional and physical stress during the examination often cause a low level of quality of the technique execution, numerous mistakes during the implementation, and, as a result, injury to both uke (the one on whom the technique is performed) and nage (an athlete demonstrating the aikido techniques). Sometimes such a stress leads even to a refusal of further attestations or practicing aikido. The author, an aikido trainer, basing on the personal experience, as evidenced by the results of the research, as well as the experience of Ukrainian and foreign colleagues, gives recommendations on how to increase the efficiency of training athletes for aikido and other types of martial arts at high levels attestation. Proposes methods of increasing the training effectiveness, improving the endurance of athletes, developing the ability of psychological self- control, and offers new approaches to the organization of certification, seminars and the training process, in which athletes will receive the most favorable conditions for demonstrating their knowledge, skills and abilities.

Determination of the Components of the Technical Preparation of the Finalists (Women) of the 2022 World Sambo Championship

“…[3], A. Okopny, Yu. Tkach, I. Vovk, A. Cherkasova, O Melnyk [4], S. Stepaniuk, O. Serputka, L. Kharchenko-Baranetska, V. Kovalya, V. Tkachuk [5] -who in their works highlighted the actual issues of building a system of long-term training of female athletes who specialize in single combat.…”

Teaching of Acrobatic Exercises in Aikido and Capoeira for Adults of the First and Second Period of Adulthood

“…In turn, body insurance involves learning to fall safely, or rolls, when the partner performs a throw, a cut, knocking out a leg, an arm, and so on. Mastering this skill makes it possible to avoid injury or minimize it much as possible, thanks to which the athlete can quickly recover, or get up to continue the fight [7].…”

“…Despite the significant difference in the basic approaches to studying aikido and capoeira, the principles of flexibility of the body and thinking are at the heart of both martial arts (that is, not to resist, but to change your reaction and actions according to the attack, while not compromising your own balance or interests), as well as communication and full integration with a partner (a partner as the main source of knowledge and self-improvement). At the same time, aikido promotes a more serious attitude, because every technique is based on the use of weapons, which means the death of a partner, even if imaginary, so studying aikido is about respect, modesty, persistence and constant self-education; while capoeira is a traditional game that teaches how to move, taking into account the conditions of society, the environment, the nature and rhythm of the music, and also the mood of the partner, who can be both a teacher and a friend, and a sworn enemy, so the rules are formed in the family, and there are no prohibited items [1,7].…”

“…Each age category has its own characteristics and difficulties in learning the acrobatic components of martial arts, because each age has its own needs and problems, overcoming which when working with adult athletes is always based on trusting relations both in the group and with the coach, who has full to have the method of individual training, so that adults can see their progress [4,7].…”

“…Keeping the principle of gradualness and giving the opportunity to adult athletes in extracurricular time to form a focus and maximally form their visual experience in relation to certain acrobatic exercises, with the help of video materials, it is worth offering to perform not only basic exercises, but also special ones, because often, on the condition of prior preparation, adults succeed in complex exercises, while they may fail in basic and simpler exercises [6,7].…”