The article analyzes the peculiarities of the organization of physical culture and sports activities of athletes of the second period of adulthood in aikido in preparation for certification for the first and second dan degree. The state of physical culture and sports activity in the conditions of preparation for the exam for the master level is revealed. It is determined that aikido classes are recommended for adult athletes, especially of the second period of adulthood, regardless of their level of previous training. This fact corresponds to the age characteristics of this age group, and, due to individual and multifactorial approach, not only serves as a stimulus for physical exercises, but also gives the opportunity to continue active sports activities in the second period of adulthood and in subsequent periods. It was found that the optimization of physical culture and sports activities and in particular the preparation and the process of dan degree certification has a positive effect on psycho-emotional and physical condition of the athlete, reduces risk of injury during the training, aikido demonstration or certification performance. It is established that the use of division of athletes into groups according to their weight and physiological characteristics, adopted in other martial arts, is effective for aikido, reduces the risk of injury during the certification and more effectively practice and consolidate new skills. At the same time, it gives a very isolated vision of technology and its forms, because classical aikido involves working with a partner of any age, weight category and level of physical fitness. This article identifies the problems of preparing aikido athletes of the second period of adulthood for attestation for the first and second dan degree. The features of the integral training of athletes of this age category are firstly, they are non- professional athletes who, as a rule, started practicing aikido already in adulthood that entails a number of age-related physiological aspects; often they have no any sports experience before doing aikido, or have some experience in other martial arts or kind of sports. Secondly, the dan exam (black belt, master’s degree) is preceded by a series of attestations at the qui level (student’s degree), which is a preparatory stage during which aikidoka develops his technical level, endurance, the ability of effective interaction with a partner of any level of physical preparedness and without reference to the nature of his technical and tactical actions. However, the duration of the dan exam (1-1,5 hours), the variety of techniques that are to be demonstrated at the same pace of work (manual techniques in different sections and work with weapons). A high level of psychological, emotional and physical stress during the examination often cause a low level of quality of the technique execution, numerous mistakes during the implementation, and, as a result, injury to both uke (the one on whom the technique is performed) and nage (an athlete demonstrating the aikido techniques). Sometimes such a stress leads even to a refusal of further attestations or practicing aikido. The author, an aikido trainer, basing on the personal experience, as evidenced by the results of the research, as well as the experience of Ukrainian and foreign colleagues, gives recommendations on how to increase the efficiency of training athletes for aikido and other types of martial arts at high levels attestation. Proposes methods of increasing the training effectiveness, improving the endurance of athletes, developing the ability of psychological self- control, and offers new approaches to the organization of certification, seminars and the training process, in which athletes will receive the most favorable conditions for demonstrating their knowledge, skills and abilities.

The article analyzes the concept of “center” in the context of aikido and other oriental martial arts. It is determined that the category of center in aikido completely coincides with the definition of the general center of gravity in general physiology. That once again proves the practical effectiveness of techniques used in aikido, as well as the important positive impact of aikido practice on harmonizing the interaction of right and left-brain hemispheres, balance of psycho-emotional state and improvement of general health and well-being. The state of physical culture and sports activities of Aikido athletes is revealed, which is seen as a syncretism of external (physical, social) and internal (emotional, mental, volitional, independent) multifaceted work, which, although not a competitive and stimulating system, but aimed at long term of study and comprehension, without age requirements. It was found that a deeper understanding by aikido practitioners of the basic and key concepts of the presented martial art contributes to a better understanding of the biophysical basis of techniques, ukemi and tai sabaki movements, which increases the level of preparation for the certification. In addition, it was found that understanding and using the work of the center has a significant positive impact in the study of other martial arts, including judo, iaido, jodo, hand-to-hand combat, and even in teaching acrobatics elements. The authors of this article, based on their own experience of Aikido practice and its teaching, as well as other disciplines in the field of physical culture and sports, provide a generalized and diverse vision of the concept of “center” to better master key concepts, awareness effective and wide application of theoretical knowledge gained in training. We consider the results of the presented study to be especially significant for people of the second adulthood and older age who practice aikido [7]. It is possible because the use of the center can significantly reduce the load and joints of both upper and lower body, which not only allows practicing aikido even in old age, but also makes practice possible even in the presence of injuries or disabilities [8]. The results of the presented research are relevant both for martial arts schools and for any kind of sports and physical culture activities that involve interaction with a partner.

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In the modern system of school education, there are approaches to the implementation of physical education content with the help of various variable modules based on the sports means use. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the variable module "Wrestling" in the physical education of high school students on the main indicators of preparedness. Material and methods. The organization of study provided that during the 2017-2019 school years in Shchyrets secondary school №1 I-III degrees named after the Hero of Ukraine Bohdan Ilkiv of Shchyrets village council we introduced an experimental module "Wrestling" into the educational process of high school students in the discipline "Physical Culture". In general, in the 2017-2019 academic years to our study were involved 53 students of 10th forms (31 boys and 22 girls). In the 2017-2019 academic year – 74 students of 11th forms (41 boys and 33 girls). We used the following methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical data of and sources of the Internet, analysis of documentary materials, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. There were selected 8 tests which determined the general preparedness, 12 tests for special preparedness. To determine the technical and tactical preparedness of students we fixed six basic groups of techniques which they had to demonstrate. Results and discussion. There are established the indicators of efficiency according to the percentage values of changes in the main groups of indicators (general, special, technical and tactical preparedness) of high school students. Finding out the level of general competencies allowed us to substantiate that there were significant changes in all indicators (p≤0.05–0.01). According to the analysis of special preparedness (competencies), we obtained a significant (p≤0.01) improvement in the results of most tests and control exercises. The percentage values can be observed significant variability in the levels of representatives’ changes in different subgroups. Conclusion. The study confirms a number of experts’ opinions that high school students need a little more time to form a sustainable level of preparedness and more profound adaptive changes in indicators of different preparedness components. The implementation of the structure and content of the variable module significantly affected the level of general and special competencies and technical and tactical preparedness of high school students (both girls and boys). However, the educational process in secondary schools cannot be equated in organizational and methodological conditions, basic tasks and the main purpose with training in sports sections

The presented article provides an analysis of one of the key concepts of eastern martial arts – ukemi, i.e. body insurance based on the principle of balance maintaining. The importance of ukemi, as well as its study and the correct performance of technique, is determined in order to preserve the health of aikido athletes, avoid injuries and, as a result, the possibility of continuing a full-fledged practice not only until adulthood, but also until old age. In the given research there was revealed and characterized the state of physical culture and sports activities of aikido athletes, which is based on the interaction of two partners (uke and nage), who performing different motor actions, in fact both equally take part in practicing a certain technique, movement or throw. The effectiveness of this work depends both on the actions of the nage, and on the readiness of the uke to lose balance, performing appropriate ukemi, in order not only to respond adequately and in time to the reception, but also to restore it quickly enough, demonstrating the readiness to attack and interact with the partner again. It was found that the ability of the uke to relax in time and feel the so-called musubi – a concept that combines both timing and the intuitive feeling of the partner, and not only predicts an adequate reaction to a certain physical impact, that contributes to the better practice of various types of ukemi body insurance. In addition, it has been established that better performance of ukemi is also facilitated by flexibility of the body, which also requires additional training both individually and in pairs. An important aspect is the fact that the technique of performing ukemi remains constant, regardless of the surface on which the body protection is performed. The same constantness must be held whether the uke knows what technique will be performed now, whether the partner is his regular partner, or whether they are working together for the first time, and whether the performed technique is demonstrated with or without a weapon. Based on their own experience of practicing and teaching aikido, the authors of this article emphasize the importance of learning ukemi in aikido as a primary motor skill that should be learned by an aikidokas, regardless of their age and previous experience in both general physical training and martial arts. The results of the presented research can be used in preparation for aikido certifications at all levels, as well as during current training in any period of the annual cycle.