The Processes of Minority Influence in an Ideological Confrontation

Gaffié, Bernard

doi:10.2307/3791605

Cited by 8 publications

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“…To Nemeth and Wachtler (1973) or Maass, Clark and Haberkorn (1982) the perception of a link between the object of the debate and the status (majority versus minority) of the source would play a role of qualification or disqualification of the latter. GaffieÂ (1991GaffieÂ ( , 1992, studying a psychologization process by inserting a paradigm of minority influence in a natural setting, hypothesizes the existence of both qualifying and disqualifying indexations 1 . He concludes that such`defensive patterns' are an integral part of ideologies (cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of political position on group perception

Gaffié

Marchand

Cassagne

1997

Eur. J. Soc. Psychol.

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The question of how political ideology influences the perception of others is central for an understanding of relations between political groups. To characterize how political positions shape social perception, 106 students were selected according to political affinity and asked to describe political groups using either psychological or sociological qualifiers. Right-wing subjects were more likely to use psychological terms to describe political groups, whereas left-wing ones preferred sociological descriptors. Students with a right-wing position reported greatest satisfaction with psychological descriptors, while those with a left-wing position were more concerned with the relevance of qualifiers for constructing an`objective' perception of reality. These observations confirm the existence of differing inclinations in the perception of social facts and social groups. Such perceptive/cognitive processes, linked to ideological patterns, seem to be inseparable from the contents to which they apply, and express the social positioning and the ideological orientations of their authors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of political position on group perception

Gaffié

Marchand

Cassagne

1997

Eur. J. Soc. Psychol.

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“…C'est avec le souci de replacer la RS dans le creuset des échanges quotidiens, où Moscovici Lavait installé, qu'une équipe de chercheurs toulousains (notamment) a initié une ligne-de travaux croisant les problématiques de l'influence et de la persuasion avec celle de la dynamique des RS (e.g. Gaffié, 1989;1992;Aïssani, 1991 a et b;Aïssani & Bonardi, 1991 ;Cassagne, Bona rd i & Aïssani, 1991;Gaffié & Aïssani, 1992;Roussiau & Soubiale, 1995-96;Brandin, Choulot & Gaffié, 1998).…”

Section: In Form Ation Com M Unication E T Influenceunclassified

“…Gaffié 2002 (Gaffié, 1989;1992;Gaffié & Aïssani, 1992) au sein d'un parti poli tique (le Parti Socialiste français) durant une session de formation (moment propre à renforcer la cohérence doctrinale et la cohésion sociale, le fonctionnement "ortho doxe" -Deconchy, 1971). Les participants sont confrontés, sur le thème de l'immigration, à un môme message (non conforme aux idées du parti) attribué à une minorité intragroupe ou hors groupe (autre parti).…”

Section: Changements De Contexte D'expressionunclassified

“…Au niveau de l'influence on observe que: 1) la minorité externe déclenche un repli sur des positions orthodoxes renforcées; 2) la minorité interne affaiblit le consensus et peut entraîner des trans fuges vers sa position. L'analyse des régulations (exigences réglant l'appartenance au groupe, limitation de l'espace sémantique du discours, indexations de la sour ce) montre que, selon les situations (précisées dans la recherche), le système réagit aux perturbations soit en confortant l'unité du groupe autour de sa doctrine, soit en renouvelant ce contrôle et en maintenant une certaine tolérance qui évite le durcis sement du conflit et le recours éventuel à l'exclusion (Gaffié, 1992). Les représenta tions exprimées à propos de l'immigration portent les traces de ces dynamiques, Après confrontation avec la minorité externe, la population livre une RS simplifiée (par rapport à la RS initia le) qui exprime un repli sur la ligne du parti, se démarque de la source et traduit fermeté et détermination.…”

Section: Changements De Contexte D'expressionunclassified

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Contextos, expressões e dinâmica representacional: Itinerário na evolução da investigação sobre representações sociais

Gaffié¹

2014

RPSICOL

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Este artigo propões uma visão cronológica da evolução da investigação sobre as representações sociais: a um primeiro período de estudos descritivos sucede-se o período de modelos de organização das representações, sendo de seguida enfatizada a análise dos factores e processos envolvidos na sua génese e transformação (práticas sociais, persuasão e influência, envolvimento e implicação, identidade…). A análise dos trabalhos característicos destes diferentes períodos pretende evidenciar a importância que atribuem aos contextos (sócio-históricos globais ou actuais e proximais) nos quais funcionam estas representações. Desenvolvimentos recentes da investigação neste campo enfatizam o estudo das representações circulantes, da sua expressão e das suas funções no quadro das confrontações entre grupos. Estes trabalhos revelam uma grande variabilidade das representações expressas em função do contexto actualizado; insistem também na permanente negociação entre actores para definir a realidade social. Privilegiar esta diversidade de expressões impõe que se preste uma atenção particular à identidade dos actores, ao contexto das suas trocas e às resistências que encontram os fermentos de transformação. Sugere-se a distinção entre o estudo da dinâmica representacional (aplicada à detecção das trocas sociais em torno do objecto de representação) e o estudo da mudança dos princípios organizadores, e propõe-se situar mais claramente a investigação, se não na história, pelo menos na temporalidade.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v18i1.418

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“…These authors have shown that R subjects display psycho-individualistic patterns of perception, while L subjects are more likely to use sociological ones. Furthermore, when a group defines itself by reference to a doctrinal corpus, these modes of perception appear consistent with the doctrinal contents of these ideologies and a conflict with another group tends to lead its members to strengthen their orthodox positions (Deconchy, 1980;Gaffié, 1991Gaffié, , 1992. According to this perspective, subjects offer different types of explanations of social facts in relation to their political position because they refer to different ideological principles, and divergence is strengthened when social differentiation between groups is stimulated.…”

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confidence: 98%

Effect of Political Positioning on Explanations of Delinquency: An Experimental Study of Social Differentiation and Representation

Gaffié¹

2006

Political Psychology

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Why and under what conditions do subjects from diverse political orientations tend to offer different explanations of a social problem? Past studies have found evidence of a connection between political orientations and explanations of delinquency, for example. However, observing such differences among subjects with diverse political orientations is not enough to prove the existence of an organic link between social differentiation and the representations of delinquency. The aim of this paper is to provide an experimental proof of such a link. The results show that: (a) right-wing and left-wing subjects tend to offer different types of explanations of delinquency, but they refer to several common organizing principles; (b) divergence increases when social comparison between groups is activated; (c) differences are bigger if this comparison induces a discrimination; (d) the bigger the differences the more likely are the groups to resort to their ideological principles. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical, methodological, deontological, and practical implications. How and to what extent do subjects from different social categories differ when accounting for a social problem? This paper intends to clarify this question through an experiment about the effect of social differentiation-here between Right-wing ("R") and Left-wing ("L") political orientations-on the perception of and attitudes towards delinquency.Various scientific disciplines (criminology, psychology, sociology, etc.) have generated a great deal of research into the origins and causes of delinquency (e.g.,

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The Processes of Minority Influence in an Ideological Confrontation

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of political position on group perception

Effect of political position on group perception

Contextos, expressões e dinâmica representacional: Itinerário na evolução da investigação sobre representações sociais

Effect of Political Positioning on Explanations of Delinquency: An Experimental Study of Social Differentiation and Representation

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