The Production of an Antifungal Antibiotic by
            <i>Streptomyces griseus</i>

Whiffen, Alma J.; Bohonos, N.; Emerson, Ralph

doi:10.1128/jb.52.5.610-611.1946

Cited by 114 publications

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“…Cycloheximide, an antifungal antibiotic, was first isolated by Whiffen, Bohonas & Emerson (1946) from Streptomyce8 gri8eu. Cycloheximide is toxic to a broad range of organisms.…”

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Ribonucleic acid synthesis in yeast. The effect of cycloheximide on the synthesis of ribonucleic acid in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis

Kloet¹

1966

Biochemical Journal

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1. Cycloheximide causes the release of the control amino acids have over RNA synthesis in Saccharomyces carlsbergens8i N.C.T.C. 74. 2. The antibiotic causes a gradual deceleration of RNA formation. After incubation for 60min. at 300 RNA synthesis usually proceeds at a rate only a few per cent of that of the untreated control. 3. In the presence of cycloheximide two types of RNA accumulate in the cell: soluble RNA and a high-molecular-weight RNA. The latter has a base composition intermediate between those of yeast DNA and yeast ribosomal RNA, and sediments in a sucrose gradient at a rate faster than that of the 23s ribosomal RNA component. 4. Yeast ribosomal RNA contains methylated bases. Judged from the incorporation of [Me-14C]methionine, the extent of methylation of ribosomal RNA is about 20% of that of the 'soluble' RNA fraction. The highmolecular-weight RNA formed in the presence of cycloheximide is less methylated than normal RNA. In this case the sucrose-density-gradient sedimentation patterns of newly methylated and newly synthesized RNA do not coincide. 5. In the presence of cycloheximide, polysomal material accumulates, indicating that messenger RNA is formed. 6. The effect of the antibiotic on protein and RNA synthesis can be abolished by washing of the cells. The RNA that has accumulated during incubation of the cells with the antibiotic is not stable on removal of cycloheximide. 7. The results presented in this study are discussed in relation to the regulation of RNA formation in yeast. Although the RNA synthesized in the presence of * Abbreviations: s-RNA, 'soluble' or transfer RNA; m-RNA, messenger RNA. 566 CYCLOHEXIMIDE AND RNA FORMATION IN YEAST chloramphenicol resembles ribosomal RNA in its base conmposition (Pardee, Paegin & Prestidge, 1957) and sedimentation properties (Kurland, Nomura & Watson, 1962), Gros, Naono, Woese, WIAillson & Attardi (1963) and Otaka, Osawa & Sibatani (1964) observed that the RNA formed in the presence of chloramphenicol could stimulate protein synthesis in a cell-free system. Gordon, Boman & Isaksson (1964) observed that this RNA could be methylated with a homologous methylating enzyme preparation, in contrast with normal ribosomal RNA. This indicates that the RNA-synthesized in the presence of chloramphenicol is not as normal as had been considered. Further, chloramphenicol tends to release the control that amino acids exert over RNA synthesis (Kurland & Maaloe, 1962). In a previous communication (de Kloet, 1965a) it was found that in yeast cycloheximide causes the accumulation of RNA with an abnormal sedimentation pattern and a base composition intermediate between those of DNA and ribosomal RNA. The present investigation was carried out to study more precisely the action of cycloheximide on RNA synthesis in yeast. The results indicate that there are similarities and differences between the action of cycloheximide and chloramphenicol on RNA synthesis in yeast and Escherichia coli respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials. Cycloheximide was obtained from L. Light...

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“…Cycloheximide, an antifungal antibiotic, was first isolated by Whiffen, Bohonas & Emerson (1946) from Streptomyce8 gri8eu. Cycloheximide is toxic to a broad range of organisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Cycloheximide is toxic to a broad range of organisms. Thus growth is inhibited in fungi (Whiffen et at. 1946), algae, higher plants (Ford, Klomparens & Hamm, 1958) Cycloheximide mammalian cells (Ford & Leach, 1948;Wettstein, Noll&Penman, 1964;Williamson & Schweet, 1965).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ribonucleic acid synthesis in yeast. The effect of cycloheximide on the synthesis of ribonucleic acid in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis

Kloet¹

1966

Biochemical Journal

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“…Other antibiotic-producing organisms are also capable of synthesizing more than a single antibiotic substance during growth in a given medium. For example, Streptomyces griseus produces not only streptomycin (Schatz et al, 1944) but mannisidostreptomycin (Fried and Titus, 1947) and actidione (Whiffen et al, 1946; 1948) as well. Penicillium notatum forms a number of penicillins in varying proportions (Clarke et al, 1948;Florey et al, 1949) and Bacillus brevis, gramicidin and tyrocidine (Hotchkiss and Dubos, 1940).…”

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confidence: 99%

Actinomycin Formation by Streptomyces Cultures1

Goss¹,

Katz²

1957

Applied Microbiology

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“…This medium consisted of 1 per cent cerelose, 1 per cent soybean oil meal, 0.5 per cent curbay B-G, 0.1 per cent calcium carbonate, and 0.5 per cent sodium chloride. The culture was treated in the manner described by Whiffen et al (1946). The chloroform-soluble material was taken to dryness and an aliquot asayed for antibacterial and antifungal properties by the streak assay procedure (table 2).…”

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“…1,920 material obtained from the traveling phase had no activity, only the results from the stationary phase are reported. When S. griseus 3533 was grown on the streptocin-producing medium (Waksman et al, 1949) and the culture treated by the method of Whiffen et al (1946) for the isolation of actidione, no antifungal activity was obtained, pointing to the lack of production of actidione (table 5). The crude chloroform extract from the mycelium of the streptocin-producing S. griseus grown on the Whiffen (1948) medium possesses considerable antifungal and antibacterial activity.…”

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The Production of Streptocin by Different Strains of Streptomyces Griseus

Kupferberg¹,

Styles²,

Singher³

et al. 1950

J Bacteriol

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The ability of certain microorganisms to produce more than one antibiotic has now been well established. This can be illustrated by Streptomyces griseus, known to produce at least two forms of streptomycin and grisein, streptocin, and actidione. Different strains of the same organism vary greatly, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in their ability to produce the various antibiotics. This is true especially of streptocin. Production of streptocin by various strains of S. griseus. Three strains of S.

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The Production of an Antifungal Antibiotic by Streptomyces griseus

Cited by 114 publications

References 0 publications

Ribonucleic acid synthesis in yeast. The effect of cycloheximide on the synthesis of ribonucleic acid in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis

Ribonucleic acid synthesis in yeast. The effect of cycloheximide on the synthesis of ribonucleic acid in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis

Actinomycin Formation by Streptomyces Cultures1

The Production of Streptocin by Different Strains of Streptomyces Griseus

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