The Promise of Anti-idiotype Revisited

Köhler, Heinz; Pashov, Anastas; Kieber‐Emmons, Thomas

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00808

Cited by 41 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The biosynthesis of carbohydrates or lipids is a complex, multi-enzymatic process [35,36] and not directly template-driven as is the case for proteins, thereby resulting in a challenge to obtain pure, defined carbohydrates and lipids. However, based on previous studies, anti-Id Abs can display internal images that imitate the immunogenic epitopes or conformations of non-protein and protein antigens [16,17]. Therefore, anti-Id Abs can show more abundant and integral antigenicity derived from both protein and non-protein antigens to broaden more effective immune responses [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the immunological network theory proposed by Jerne, the interactions between idiotypes (Ids) and anti-idiotype antibodies (anti-Id Abs) have shown an ability to regulate and control the immune system in a stable status [16,17]. Based on the theory (Figure 1), after an antigen enters into the host body, the first wave of antibodies, Ab1, is evoked under the stimulation of immunogenic epitopes of an antigen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, Ab2 can stimulate the production of anti-anti-idiotype antibodies, Ab3, which principally is of similar specificity to Ab1. In other words, anti-Id Abs that express internal images similar to different epitopes of the original antigens may serve as a potential anti-Id vaccine for inducing specific immune responses to the original antigens that they imitate [16,17]. Vaccines based on anti-Id Abs have been so far applied in the control of numerous pathogenic diseases [16,17] and cancers [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, anti-Id Abs that express internal images similar to different epitopes of the original antigens may serve as a potential anti-Id vaccine for inducing specific immune responses to the original antigens that they imitate [16,17]. Vaccines based on anti-Id Abs have been so far applied in the control of numerous pathogenic diseases [16,17] and cancers [18]. Therefore, anti-Id Abs showing surrogate immunogenic epitopes have opened an additional area of vaccine development [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaccines based on anti-Id Abs have been so far applied in the control of numerous pathogenic diseases [16,17] and cancers [18]. Therefore, anti-Id Abs showing surrogate immunogenic epitopes have opened an additional area of vaccine development [16,17]. However, anti-Id Abs are so far rarely used as a strategy in the development of fish vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-Idiotype Vaccine Provides Protective Immunity Against Vibrio Harveyi in Grouper (Epinephelus Coioides)

2019

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Since anti-idiotype antibodies (anti-Id Abs) can display internal images similar to the epitopes of the original antigens, we aimed to produce an effective vaccine based on anti-Id Abs to protect grouper from Vibrio harveyi. Anti-Id IgG showing V. harveyi-like internal images was produced from rabbits immunized with the Id portion of grouper anti-V. harveyi antibodies and its Fab portion, anti-Id IgG (Fab), was then prepared to use as the anti-Id vaccine. The resulting anti-Id IgG (Fab) was intraperitoneally injected twice at a 21-day interval into grouper to evaluate its ability to induce effective anti-V. harveyi immunity and protection, in comparison with inactivated V. harveyi bacteria. We found that administration of grouper with anti-Id IgG (Fab) resulted in enhanced V. harveyi-specific serum titers, as well as lymphocyte proliferation. In addition, three weeks after boosting, 90% (18/20) of fish immunized with anti-Id IgG (Fab) survived at least 28 days after a lethal challenge of the heterologous, virulent strain of V. harveyi. The capability of this anti-Id IgG (Fab) to imitate the epitopes of V. harveyi antigens and effectively induce protective immunity would be advantageous for its application in developing an efficacious vaccine against V. harveyi for future farm use in fish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Anti-Idiotype Vaccine Provides Protective Immunity Against Vibrio Harveyi in Grouper (Epinephelus Coioides)

2019

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Antigens: CarbohydratesII

Kieber-Emmons

Monzavi‐Karbassi

Kieber‐Emmons

2020

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Glycosylation is critical for a wide range of biological processes across both normal and disease states. Carbohydrate antigens, for example, are polymeric chains of diverse monomeric sugar molecules that play a fundamental role in the pathogenicity and virulence of many organisms. Moreover, these pathogen‐associated glycan structures can also be found in association with other types of cells, including tumours. These types of glycan commonalities have helped generate critical discoveries in terms of glycan structure, allowing for the development of working hypotheses for their functions, in addition to the development of agents that target or mediate their expression levels. Therefore, through discussion of glycans as antigens, new insights of key molecular and cellular interactions between them and immune cells can be discerned, and the implication of these interactions in health and disease is enhanced. Numerous reviews and even this ELS series have described the structure of carbohydrates and glycans in general. Key Concepts Glycosylation is the most abundant post‐translational modification of proteins. Glycans expand the chemical diversity of the genetic code. Antigens are a collection of epitopes that affects recognition by the immune system. Antigens and immunogens are very different. Molecular mimicry of glycans profoundly affects the pathophysiology of infection and neoplasia. Lectin‐family receptors and antibodies have been used to define carbohydrate antigens. Clustering of epitopes defines glycan antigens better than nonclustered epitopes. Carbohydrate antigens can define danger signals to the immune system through pattern recognition receptors. Clustering associates with different B‐cell populations for processing as immunogens. MHC and T‐cell receptors see atoms in particular arrays, not as a single molecular species – hence cross‐reactivity with zwitterionic carbohydrate structures. While carbohydrate‐based vaccines have been developed, as cancer vaccines they are not as effective. Metabolism is the next frontier to understanding glycan expression patterns.

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Jerne's “immune network theory”, of interacting anti‐idiotypic antibodies applied to immune responses during COVID‐19 infection and after COVID‐19 vaccination

Kurbel

2023

BioEssays

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Niels Kaj Jerne has proposed the “immune network theory” of interactions among anti‐idiotypic antibodies, able to interfere with humoral responses to certain antigens. After the occurrence of the primary generation of antibodies, against an antigenic epitope, idiotypes of these antibodies induce anti‐idiotypic antibodies that modulate the intensity of the first response, and so on. Adverse effects following SARS‐COV‐2 COVID‐19 vaccines are occasionally similar to the symptoms of COVID‐19 infection. Rare events linked to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines also resemble some rarely reported COVID‐19 complications. Safety data from product information by European Medicines Agency suggest that spectra do overlap for four main vaccines. The proposition is that vaccine events and COVID‐19 complications are related to anti‐idiotypic antibodies whose spatial shape can lead to interactions with ACE2 molecules, in individuals with a prolonged Spike protein synthesis. The vaccines target cells by their affinity to the vaccine vector, or to engulf lipid nanoparticles. Anti‐idiotypic antibodies shaped similarly to the Spike protein possibly interact with ACE2 molecules and cause diverse signs and symptoms.

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The Promise of Anti-idiotype Revisited

Cited by 41 publications

References 74 publications

Anti-Idiotype Vaccine Provides Protective Immunity Against Vibrio Harveyi in Grouper (Epinephelus Coioides)

Anti-Idiotype Vaccine Provides Protective Immunity Against Vibrio Harveyi in Grouper (Epinephelus Coioides)

Antigens: CarbohydratesII

Jerne's “immune network theory”, of interacting anti‐idiotypic antibodies applied to immune responses during COVID‐19 infection and after COVID‐19 vaccination

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