The Prophylactic Effects of Glutamine on Muscle Protein Synthesis and Degradation in Rats with Ethanol-Induced Liver Damage

Xiao, Qian; Chen, Yi Hsiu; Pratama, Satwika Arya; Chen, Ya Ling; Shirakawa, Hitoshi; Peng, Hsiang Chi; Yang, Suh‐Ching

doi:10.3390/nu13082788

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In the present study, no differences were noted in a-diversity among the groups (Figure 4). This result is consistent with those of our previous studies [22,26,37]. However, compared with other studies, the ratio of fecal firmicutes to bacteroidetes and a-diversity in the ethanol-fed animals of the present study was not concordant because of differences in the administration routes, feeding durations, and animal species [38][39][40].…”

Section: Intestinal Damage and Egfsupporting

confidence: 91%

Potential Benefits of Epidermal Growth Factor for Inhibiting Muscle Degrative Markers in Rats with Alcoholic Liver Damage

Xiao

Chen

et al. 2023

IJMS

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This study investigated the beneficial effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on muscle loss in rats with chronic ethanol feeding. Six-week-old male Wistar rats were fed either a control liquid diet without EGF (C group, n = 12) or EGF (EGF-C group, n = 18) for two weeks. From the 3rd to 8th week, the C group was divided into two groups. One was continually fed with a control liquid diet (C group), and the other one was fed with an ethanol-containing liquid diet (E group); moreover, the EGF-C group was divided into three groups, such as the AEGF-C (continually fed with the same diet), PEGF-E (fed with the ethanol-containing liquid diet without EGF), and AEGF-E (fed with the ethanol-containing liquid diet with EGF). As a result, the E group had significantly higher plasma ALT and AST, endotoxin, ammonia, and interleukin 1b (IL-1b) levels, along with liver injuries, such as hepatic fatty changes and inflammatory cell infiltration. However, plasma endotoxin and IL-1b levels were significantly decreased in the PEGF-E and AEGF-E groups. In addition, the protein level of muscular myostatin and the mRNA levels of forkhead box transcription factors (FOXO), muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MURF-1) and atorgin-1 was increased considerably in the E group but inhibited in the PEGF-E and AEGF-E groups. According to the principal coordinate analysis findings, the gut microbiota composition differed between the control and ethanol liquid diet groups. In conclusion, although there was no noticeable improvement in muscle loss, EGF supplementation inhibited muscular protein degradation in rats fed with an ethanol-containing liquid diet for six weeks. The mechanisms might be related to endotoxin translocation inhibition, microbiota composition alteration as well as the amelioration of liver injury. However, the reproducibility of the results must be confirmed in future studies.

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Section: Intestinal Damage and Egfsupporting

confidence: 91%

Potential Benefits of Epidermal Growth Factor for Inhibiting Muscle Degrative Markers in Rats with Alcoholic Liver Damage

Xiao

Chen

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…SLC1A5 is known as a transporter of alanine, serine, and cysteine but transports glutamine in a Na + -dependent manner in the liver ( Scalise et al, 2018 ). A comparison of rats fed a high-alcohol diet either supplemented with glutamine (at 0.84%) or not indicated that hepatic fat deposition, inflammation, altered liver function, and hyperammonemia in the glutamine group were all attenuated ( Xiao et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of alcoholic drinks and dietary factors on epigenetic markers associated with triglyceride levels

et al. 2023

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Background: Many epigenetic loci have been associated with plasma triglyceride (TG) levels, but epigenetic connections between those loci and dietary exposures are largely unknown. This study aimed to characterize the epigenetic links between diet, lifestyle, and TG.Methods: We first conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) for TG in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring population (FHS, n = 2,264). We then examined relationships between dietary and lifestyle-related variables, collected four times in 13 years, and differential DNA methylation sites (DMSs) associated with the last TG measures. Third, we conducted a mediation analysis to evaluate the causal relationships between diet-related variables and TG. Finally, we replicated three steps to validate identified DMSs associated with alcohol and carbohydrate intake in the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study (n = 993).Results: In the FHS, the EWAS revealed 28 TG-associated DMSs at 19 gene regions. We identified 102 unique associations between these DMSs and one or more dietary and lifestyle-related variables. Alcohol and carbohydrate intake showed the most significant and consistent associations with 11 TG-associated DMSs. Mediation analyses demonstrated that alcohol and carbohydrate intake independently affect TG via DMSs as mediators. Higher alcohol intake was associated with lower methylation at seven DMSs and higher TG. In contrast, increased carbohydrate intake was associated with higher DNA methylation at two DMSs (CPT1A and SLC7A11) and lower TG. Validation in the GOLDN further supports the findings.Conclusion: Our findings imply that TG-associated DMSs reflect dietary intakes, particularly alcoholic drinks, which could affect the current cardiometabolic risk via epigenetic changes. This study illustrates a new method to map epigenetic signatures of environmental factors for disease risk. Identification of epigenetic markers of dietary intake can provide insight into an individual’s risk of cardiovascular disease and support the application of precision nutrition.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), NCT00005121; the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN), NCT01023750.

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“…When duodenal damage was examined, we showed that acute ethanol administration caused loss of epithelial cells in the villus tips and bleeding in the mucosa. Studies in rodents and humans have shown that the morphological changes induced by ethanol in the liver are characterized by steatosis, necrosis, fibrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration, hyperemia, dilatation of sinusoids, various degrees of degeneration of hepatocytes (swelling, vacuolization and hydropic degeneration), and Kupffer cell hyperplasia [20][21][22][23]. Moreover, morphological examinations in experimental animal models have reported that oral or intragastric ethanol intake poses a risk of bleeding in the gastric and duodenal mucosa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Betaine Supplementation Protects Rats Against Alcohol-Induced Hepatic and Duodenal Injury: An Histopathological Study

Gündoğdu

Kar

Özbayer

2023

Journal of Scientific Reports-A

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Betaine is a natural compound synthesized endogenously in animals, plants, and microorganisms and can be intaken by diet. There is a growing body of evidence that suggests betaine has properties that can protect against damage caused by oxidation, inflammation, and cell death in various human diseases. Additionally, recent studies suggest that betaine may help prevent and/or ameliorate tissue damage from alcohol consumption. In the present study, we evaluated histopathological changes in the liver and duodenum tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) in the four groups of twenty-eight Wistar albino rats: control group, betaine pre-treated group (250 mg/kg/bw, 21 days, i.g.), acute ethanol ingested group (75% ethanol, 4 ml/kg/bw, i.g.) and betaine+ethanol group (75% ethanol, 4 ml/kg/bw, following betaine 250 mg/kg/bw, i.g.). We found that betaine pre-treatment reduced significantly ethanol-induced hepatocyte degeneration, sinusoidal dilatation, hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver (p < 0.05). We also showed that betaine protects duodenal mucosa significantly against epithelial damage at the tips of villi and hemorrhage (p < 0.001). Collectively, this study indicated that betaine supplementation could protect against histopathological changes induced by ethanol in hepatic and duodenal tissues.

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The Prophylactic Effects of Glutamine on Muscle Protein Synthesis and Degradation in Rats with Ethanol-Induced Liver Damage

Cited by 8 publications

References 70 publications

Potential Benefits of Epidermal Growth Factor for Inhibiting Muscle Degrative Markers in Rats with Alcoholic Liver Damage

Potential Benefits of Epidermal Growth Factor for Inhibiting Muscle Degrative Markers in Rats with Alcoholic Liver Damage

The impact of alcoholic drinks and dietary factors on epigenetic markers associated with triglyceride levels

Betaine Supplementation Protects Rats Against Alcohol-Induced Hepatic and Duodenal Injury: An Histopathological Study

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