The quantitative meta-analysis showed that depression was a major risk factor for incidence of dementia (including AD, VD, and any dementia) and MCI.

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Aims and objectives To explore the incidence of delirium in cerebrovascular patients admitted in our Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit and analyse the risk factors leading to delirium. Background Delirium is one of the most common mental disorders in general hospitals, but the incidence of different kinds of diseases and studies varies. Cerebrovascular patients in our Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit are high‐risk groups for delirium; identifying risk factors for delirium and taking early interventions are crucial for patient prognosis. Design A prospective study. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to collect data from 128 patients in the Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, between May 2016–January 2017. Researchers used Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (Chinese version) to assess each patient's delirium statement twice a day at regular times. We also collected other independent data variables and followed up the short‐term clinical outcomes daily. Results On the basis of Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit evaluation, patients were divided into a delirium group and a nondelirium group. The prevalence of delirium among the 128 patients was 42.2%. Multivariate analysis showed that severity of illness, fever, the use of physical restraints and sleep deprivation were independent predictors of delirium in cerebrovascular patients in the Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit. Conclusions Cerebrovascular patients in the Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit with a critical condition, fever or use of physical restraints or experiencing sleep deprivation were more prone to delirium. Relevance to clinical practice Cerebrovascular patients in the Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit showed a high incidence of delirium. There are many risk factors leading to delirium, some of which are independent predictors of intensive care delirium. Patients with delirium will suffer various adverse effects upon their short‐term clinical outcomes. Therefore, nurses should pay close attention to changes in a patient's mental state and learn about the risk factors associated with delirium, in order to be able to take early measures to prevent delirium.

Aims To explore the beneficial effects of virtual reality (VR) interventions on upper‐ and lower‐limb motor function, balance, gait, cognition and daily function outcomes in stroke patients. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Data Sources English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses) and Chinese databases (Chinese BioMedical Literature Service System, WANFANG, CNKI) and the Clinical Trial Registry Platform were systematically searched from inception until December 2019. Additionally, reference lists of the included studies were manually searched. Review Methods The methodological quality of studies was scored with the Cochrane ‘risk‐of‐bias tool’ and PEDro scale from the Physiotherapy Evidence Database by two independent evaluators. Results In total, 87 studies with 3540 participants were included. Stroke patients receiving VR interventions showed significant improvements in Fugl‐Meyer assessment of Upper Extremity, Action Research Arm Test, Wolf Motor Function Test, Fugl‐Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity, Functional Ambulation Classification, Berg Balance Scale, Time Up and Go, Velocity, Cadence, Modified Barthel Index and Functional Independence Measure. However, differences between VR intervention and traditional rehabilitation groups were not significant for Box‐Block Test, 10 m Walk Test, Auditory Continuous Performance Test, Mini‐Mental State Examination and Visual Continuous Performance Test. Conclusion This review suggests that VR interventions effectively improve upper‐ and lower‐limb motor function, balance, gait and daily function of stroke patients, but have no benefits on cognition. Impact This review identified the positive effects of VR‐assisted rehabilitation on upper‐ and lower‐limb motor function, balance, gait and daily function of stroke patients. And, we verified the duration of VR intervention affects some health benefits. The benefit of VR on cognitive function requires further investigation through large‐scale multicentre RCTs.

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