The proportions of glycoalkaloid aglycones are dependent on the genome constitutions of interspecific hybrids between two Solanum species (S. brevidens and S. tuberosum)
“…Relevant studies on inheritance showed that (a) the amount and type of glycoalkaloids varied among tubers of the parents and resistant hybrids created by somatic fusion of the cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum and the wild species Solanum circaeifolium (); (b) potato tubers of somatic hybrids whose progenies were the cultivated potato S. tuberosum and the wild type Solanum acaule contained all four glycoalkaloids derived from the fusion parents (Figure A ) (); (c) interspecific somatic hybrids formed by protoplast fusion between S. tuberosum and S. acaule and between S. tuberosum and Solanum brevidens contained glycoalkaloids not detected in the parental species (); (d) glycoalkaloids in genebank accessions of landraces of the cultivated potatoes contain only α-chaconine and α-solanine (); and (e) three lines of Solanum chacoense are a potential source of genes governing the synthesis of foliar leptines (). These results show that new cultivars can be created containing different types and levels of glycoalkaloids ( 102 , − . 4 ( A ) Constitutent glycoalkaloids in the cortex of S. acaule -T, the fusion parents of S. acaule and S. tuberosum , and 12 somatic hybrids (); ( B ) distribution of glycoalkaloids in blighted and blight-resistant transgenic potatoes ().…”
Section: Role In the Plantmentioning
confidence: 90%
“…and R-solanine(99); and (e) three lines of Solanum chacoense are a potential source of genes governing the synthesis of foliar leptines(103). These results show that new cultivars can be created containing different types and levels of glycoalkaloids(102,(104)(105)(106)(107).…”
Potatoes, members of the Solanaceae plant family, serve as major, inexpensive low-fat food sources providing energy (starch), high-quality protein, fiber, and vitamins. Potatoes also produce biologically active secondary metabolites, which may have both adverse and beneficial effects in the diet. These include glycoalkaloids, calystegine alkaloids, protease inhibitors, lectins, phenolic compounds, and chlorophyll. Because glycoalkaloids are reported to be involved in host-plant resistance and to have a variety of adverse as well as beneficial effects in cells, animals, and humans, a need exists to develop a clearer understanding of their roles both in the plant and in the diet. To contribute to this effort, this integrated review presents data on the (a) history of glycoalkaloids; (b) glycoalkaloid content in different parts of the potato plant, in processed potato products, and in wild, transgenic, and organic potatoes; (c) biosynthesis, inheritance, plant molecular biology, and glycoalkaloid-plant phytopathogen relationships; (d) dietary significance with special focus on the chemistry, analysis, and nutritional quality of low-glycoalkaloid potato protein; (e) pharmacology and toxicology of the potato glycoalkaloids comprising alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine and their hydrolysis products (metabolites); (f) anticarcinogenic and other beneficial effects; and (g) possible dietary consequences of concurrent consumption of glycoalkaloids and other biologically active compounds present in fresh and processed potatoes. An enhanced understanding of the multiple and overlapping aspects of glycoalkaloids in the plant and in the diet will benefit producers and consumers of potatoes.
“…Relevant studies on inheritance showed that (a) the amount and type of glycoalkaloids varied among tubers of the parents and resistant hybrids created by somatic fusion of the cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum and the wild species Solanum circaeifolium (); (b) potato tubers of somatic hybrids whose progenies were the cultivated potato S. tuberosum and the wild type Solanum acaule contained all four glycoalkaloids derived from the fusion parents (Figure A ) (); (c) interspecific somatic hybrids formed by protoplast fusion between S. tuberosum and S. acaule and between S. tuberosum and Solanum brevidens contained glycoalkaloids not detected in the parental species (); (d) glycoalkaloids in genebank accessions of landraces of the cultivated potatoes contain only α-chaconine and α-solanine (); and (e) three lines of Solanum chacoense are a potential source of genes governing the synthesis of foliar leptines (). These results show that new cultivars can be created containing different types and levels of glycoalkaloids ( 102 , − . 4 ( A ) Constitutent glycoalkaloids in the cortex of S. acaule -T, the fusion parents of S. acaule and S. tuberosum , and 12 somatic hybrids (); ( B ) distribution of glycoalkaloids in blighted and blight-resistant transgenic potatoes ().…”
Section: Role In the Plantmentioning
confidence: 90%
“…and R-solanine(99); and (e) three lines of Solanum chacoense are a potential source of genes governing the synthesis of foliar leptines(103). These results show that new cultivars can be created containing different types and levels of glycoalkaloids(102,(104)(105)(106)(107).…”
Potatoes, members of the Solanaceae plant family, serve as major, inexpensive low-fat food sources providing energy (starch), high-quality protein, fiber, and vitamins. Potatoes also produce biologically active secondary metabolites, which may have both adverse and beneficial effects in the diet. These include glycoalkaloids, calystegine alkaloids, protease inhibitors, lectins, phenolic compounds, and chlorophyll. Because glycoalkaloids are reported to be involved in host-plant resistance and to have a variety of adverse as well as beneficial effects in cells, animals, and humans, a need exists to develop a clearer understanding of their roles both in the plant and in the diet. To contribute to this effort, this integrated review presents data on the (a) history of glycoalkaloids; (b) glycoalkaloid content in different parts of the potato plant, in processed potato products, and in wild, transgenic, and organic potatoes; (c) biosynthesis, inheritance, plant molecular biology, and glycoalkaloid-plant phytopathogen relationships; (d) dietary significance with special focus on the chemistry, analysis, and nutritional quality of low-glycoalkaloid potato protein; (e) pharmacology and toxicology of the potato glycoalkaloids comprising alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine and their hydrolysis products (metabolites); (f) anticarcinogenic and other beneficial effects; and (g) possible dietary consequences of concurrent consumption of glycoalkaloids and other biologically active compounds present in fresh and processed potatoes. An enhanced understanding of the multiple and overlapping aspects of glycoalkaloids in the plant and in the diet will benefit producers and consumers of potatoes.
“…In this context, we must emphasize that the hybrids studied here are not yet commercial potato varieties and that backcrosses or additional back-fusions are needed to improve their agronomic value, such as in terms of tuber yield. In the hybrids, the proportion of R-solanine and R-chaconine can be increased by back-crossing, but alien GAs may still be present (35). It must also be pointed out that spirosolanes may alternatively have a positive role in the human diet (36), and therefore their increased proportions could become a goal in potato breeding.…”
Interspecific somatic hybrids produced by protoplast fusion between two wild Solanum species (S. acaule, acl; S. brevidens, brd) and cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum (tbr) were analyzed in terms of the starch nanometer-range structure and glycoalkaloid (GA) contents. The crystallinity of starch granules, the average size of starch crystallites, and the lamellar distances were obtained from tuber samples using wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering methods. These measurements showed that incorporation of wild genomes from either nontuberous (brd) or tuberous (acl) Solanum species caused no significant modifications of the nanostructure of potato starch. In contrast, the GA profiles of the hybrids, which were analyzed by LC-ESI-MS in both tuber and foliage samples, differed considerably from those of cultivated potato. Regardless of the low total tuber GA concentrations (approximately 9 mg/100 g of fresh weight), the somatic hybrids contained GAs not detected in the parental species. A high proportion of spirotype GAs consisting of 5,6-dihydrogenated aglycons, for example, alpha-tomatine and tomatidine bound with solatriose, and chacotriose were found in the hybrids. In conclusion, the foliage of interspecific hybrids contained a higher variation in the structures of GAs than did the tubers.
“…A higher proportion of the S. acaule genome resulted in lower replication of the bacterium in hexaploid interspecific hybrids (4 x acl + 2 x tbr ). Similarly, genome ratios between Solanum species can influence other characters in somatic hybrids, such as virus resistance (Pehu et al ., 1990) and glycoalkaloid aglycone composition (Laurila et al ., 2001). It is possible that interactions between the genomes of S. acaule and S. tuberosum in certain interspecific hybrids may have had an effect on replication of C. michiganensis ssp.…”
The development of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars immune (completely free of infective agents) to bacterial ring rot disease, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus, would be a significant step toward eradication of the disease. Earlier results suggested that the wild potato species Solanum acaule, acc. PI472655 (genotype 7‐8), was immune to C. michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus. The goal of the present study was to investigate the possibility of transferring this desirable trait to cultivated potato through interspecific somatic hybridization. Eight different somatic hybrids between S. acaule and S. tuberosum, with three different genome ratios, were tested for susceptibility to infection in the glasshouse using two C. michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus strains. All the somatic hybrids expressed symptoms of ring rot and were susceptible to infection as determined by IFAS (indirect immunofluorescent antibody staining) tests. The genome compositions of the hybrids influenced bacterial titres. Most of the hybrids with a higher proportion of the S. acaule genome contained lower numbers of C. michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus cells than hybrids with lower proportions of the S. acaule genome. In growth chamber tests, temperature was found to be a determining factor in the expression of immunity in the tetraploid S. acaule 7‐8 line. At 21°C, S. acaule 7‐8 was immune to infection by C. michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus, but at 15°C, plants supported large populations of the pathogen. However, none of the S. acaule plants expressed disease symptoms. Thus, S. acaule exhibits temperature‐dependent immunity to infection by C. michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus and should be considered tolerant rather than immune.
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