The Protective Function of the Epidermal Layer of Rye Seedlings Against Ultraviolet‐b Radiation

Tevini, Manfred; Braun, J.; Fieser, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb03636.x

Cited by 353 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is in agreement with the conclusions of Chappell and Hahlbrock (1984) and the rice scientists Tevini et al (1991), who demonstrated the formation of flavonoid pigments capable of absorbing higher UV-B radiation in the epidermal cells. The same conclusion was drawn by Santos et al (1993), who reported increases in five soluble proteins during the electrophoresis of hybrid maize leaf samples exposed to higher levels of UV-B radiation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Effect of increased UV-B radiation on the anthocyanin content of maize ( Zea mays L.) leaves

Pintér

Kósa

Hadi

et al. 2007

Acta Agronomica Hungarica

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The level of UV-B radiation reaching the surface of the earth is increasing due to the thinning of the ozone layer in the stratosphere over recent decades. This has numerous negative effects on living organisms.Some of the Hungarian inbred maize lines examined under the climatic conditions in Chile exhibited an unusually high proportion of pollen mortality, flowering asynchrony and barrenness. The evidence suggests that this can be attributed to the approx. 30% greater UV-B radiation in Chile.The investigation of this problem within the framework of abiotic stress breeding programmes is extremely important in the light of the global rise in UV-B radiation, which may make it necessary to elaborate a selection programme to develop inbred lines with better tolerance of this type of radiation.In the course of the experiment the same ten inbred lines, having different maturity dates and genetic backgrounds, were tested for five years in Chile and Hungary. The tests focussed on anthocyanin, a flavonoid derivative involved in the absorption of damaging UV-B radiation.Averaged over years and varieties, the total anthocyanin content in the leaf samples was significantly higher in Chile than in Hungary. This was presumably a response at the metabolic level to the negative stress represented by higher UV-B radiation.In the five early-maturing flint lines the anthocyanin contents were more than 45% greater than those recorded in Hungary. This suggests that these genotypes, originating from northern regions, were not sufficiently adapted to the higher radiation level. In these samples higher UV-B caused a sharp rise in the quantity of anthocyanin, which absorbs the dangerous radiation. In late-maturing genotypes the initial content of the protective compound anthocyanin was higher at both locations, so in these types the high radiation level was not a problem and did not cause any substantial change.Similar conclusions were drawn from the results of fluorescence imaging. The F440/F690 ratio indicative of the stress level was higher in late lines with a high anthocyanin content, good tolerance and good adaptability.Key words: Zea mays L., inbred line, ultraviolet-B radiation, flavone, anthocyanin, stress acclimation, fluorescence imaging J. PINTÉR et al. Hungarica, 55, 2007 8 Acta Agronomica IntroductionOne negative consequence of global climate change is the thinning of the ozone layer in the stratosphere, which functions as a shield against dangerous radiation. This has been caused in part by human activities, especially by the ozone-antagonistic gases emitted by heavy industry (Anderson et al., 1991;McFarland and Kaye, 1992;McKenzie et al., 1999;Reddy and Hodges, 2000).A decrease of 1% in the ozone level may result in a 1.3-1.8% rise in the UV-B radiation (280-320 nm), the most biologically active form of ultraviolet radiation, with the most damaging effect on living organisms (Madronich, 1993). Naturally, the level of dangerous radiation depends on many factors, such as the latitude and altitude of the given location, ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Effect of increased UV-B radiation on the anthocyanin content of maize ( Zea mays L.) leaves

Pintér

Kósa

Hadi

et al. 2007

Acta Agronomica Hungarica

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“…However, the protection from UV-B irradiation afforded by flavonoids is often incomplete, and UV-B is able to penetrate the epidermis to the underlying tissue (Tevini et al, 1991;Day et al, 1993), where it may induce further protective responses. It is possible that PR-1 protein induced by UV-B has a role in protecting cells from the damaging effects of UV-B irradiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV-B-Induced PR-1 Accumulation Is Mediated by Active Oxygen Species.

1995

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Depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer may result in an increase in the levels of potentially harmful UV-B radiation reaching the surface of the earth. We have found that UV-B is a potent inducer of the plant pathogenesis-related protein PR-1 in tobacco leaves. UV-B fluences required for PR-1 accumulation are similar to those of other UV-B-induced responses. The UV-B-induced PR-1 accumulation was confined precisely to the irradiated area of the leaf but displayed no leaf tissue specificity. A study of some of the possible components of the signal transduction pathway between UV-B and PR-1 induction showed that photosynthetic processes are not essential, and photoreversible DNA damage is not involved. Antioxidants and cycloheximide were able to block the induction of PR-1 by UV-B, and treatment of leaves with a generator of reactive oxygen resulted in the accumulation of PR-1 protein. These results demonstrate an absolute requirement for active oxygen species and protein synthesis in this UV-B signal transduction pathway. In contrast, we also show that other elicitors, notably salicylic acid, are able to elicit PR-1 via nonreactive oxygen species-requiring pathways.

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“…Optimally, a leaf's structure would allow the penetration of photosynthetically active light to the interior while limiting the penetration of harmful UV rays. In fact, considerable evidence exists that penetration of UV-B radiation is strongly reduced by UV-absorbing compounds, chiefly flavonoids, in epidermal tissues (Robberecht andCaldwell, 1978, 1983;Tevini et al, 1991;Braun and Tevini, 1993;Day et al, 1993;Stapleton and Walbot, 1994). However, in herbaceous annuals UV-screening pigments are restricted mainly to the vacuoles of the epidermal cells, and UV-B can leak into the interior of the leaf along the anticlinal walls (Day et al, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Epidermal Cell Shape and Pigmentation on Optical Properties of Antirrhinum Petals at Visible and Ultraviolet Wavelengths

1996

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The Protective Function of the Epidermal Layer of Rye Seedlings Against Ultraviolet‐b Radiation

Cited by 353 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of increased UV-B radiation on the anthocyanin content of maize ( Zea mays L.) leaves

Effect of increased UV-B radiation on the anthocyanin content of maize ( Zea mays L.) leaves

UV-B-Induced PR-1 Accumulation Is Mediated by Active Oxygen Species.

Effects of Epidermal Cell Shape and Pigmentation on Optical Properties of Antirrhinum Petals at Visible and Ultraviolet Wavelengths

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