The Protective Role of Thymoquinone against Drugs Toxicity: A Review

Abstract

Any drug can have side effect at a certain dose which limits its use. On the other hand, evidence support the role of herbal medicines in the prevention and cure of several diseases. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a bioactive component found in the volatile oil of Nigella sativa "black seed". Studies have demonstrated the therapeutic and protective activity of TQ against drug toxicities on various body systems which have been attempted to be reviewed in this article.

Thymoquinone: A Promising Natural Compound with Potential Benefits for COVID-19 Prevention and Cure

“… 167 , 168 TQ has further demonstrated significant protective effects against the renal toxicity associated with antibiotics, such as vancomycin used in COVID-19 patients with secondary bacterial respiratory infections. 169 TQ could also potentially counteract the toxic effects of various repurposed drugs, 170 , 171 such as the cardiotoxicity risk associated with chloroquine and azithromycin 161 , 172 , 173 and the potential liver and kidney toxicities associated with antivirals such as remdesivir and lopinavir. 155 , 161 , 170 TQ can also exert gastroprotective effects 160 against gastric ulceration, which is associated with the IL-6 antagonist, tocilizumab, 174 in addition to potentiating its anti-inflammatory effect.…”

“…Given the multiple beneficial effects of TQ and its favorable safety profile, 155 the adjunct use of TQ with conventional therapeutic agents would have the dual benefit of attenuating druginduced toxicity and improving therapeutic effectiveness, which could in turn result in reducing the required effective dosage of concomitantly used drugs, thus further minimizing any adverse effects. The potential cardioprotective, 156 neuroprotective, 157 hepatoprotective, 158 nephroprotective, 159 and gastroprotective 160 effects of TQ may thus be employed in counteracting a range of drug-associated toxicities; 161 currently, various supportive treatments such as acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) render COVID-19 patients at increased risk of liver and kidney toxicity. 162,163 TQ has been shown to counteract acetaminopheninduced hepatotoxicity 164,165 as well as NSAIDsassociated nephrotoxicity and gastrointestinal side effects.…”

Insights into the Protective Effects of Thymoquinone against Toxicities Induced by Chemotherapeutic Agents

“…Thymoquinone (2-Isopropl-5-methyl benzo-1,4-quinone) ( Figure 1 ) [ 24 ] is an active component of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa (black seeds) ( Figure 2 ) [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Other than the Ranunculaceae family ( N. sativa ), this compound has been detected in other families such as Lamiaceae ( Modernadidyma , M. menthifolia , etc.…”

Timokinon metotreksatın neden olduğu kalp hasarını azaltır: sıçanlarda histopatolojik bir çalışma

“…HIF is also effective in conditions such as inflammation 13,14 . Thymoquinone is a component of the essential oil of Nigella sativa 15 . It has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, and cardioprotective effects 16 .…”