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Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious kidney illness characterized by proteinuria, glomerular enlargement, reduced glomerular filtration, and renal fibrosis. DN is the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease, accounting for nearly one-third of all cases of diabetes worldwide. Hyperglycemia is a major factor in the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Many contemporary medicines are derived from plants since they have therapeutic properties and are relatively free of adverse effects. Glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids are among the few chemical compounds found in plants that are utilized to treat diabetic nephropathy. The purpose of this review was to consolidate information on the clinical and pharmacological evidence supporting the use of a variety of medicinal plants to treat diabetic nephropathy.

The drugs used to treat cancer not only kill fast-growing cancer cells, but also kill or slow the growth of healthy cells, causing systemic toxicities that lead to altered functioning of normal cells. Most chemotherapeutic agents have serious toxicities associated with their use, necessitating extreme caution and attention. There is a growing interest in herbal remedies because of their pharmacological activities, minimal side effects, and low cost. Thymoquinone, a major component of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa Linn, also known as black cumin or black seeds, is commonly used in Middle Eastern countries as a condiment. It is also utilized for medicinal purposes and possesses antidiabetic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. This review attempts to compile the published literature demonstrating thymoquinone’s protective effect against chemotherapeutic drug-induced toxicities.

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The background of green chemistry represents the dramatic module of a new millennium, the substantiable chemical process steam for evaluation in designing phase to incorporate the principles of GC (Green Chemistry) in 1990s. there has been a tremendous success in developing a new product and process which are more compatible with biological, zoological and botanical perspective to illuminate the sustainability goal, this chapter represents the simplified way to lookout different approach adopted in GC-research, the methodology enhance the chemical process economics, concomitant which deduct the environmental burden. This review merely focusing on eco-friendly protocol which replace the traditional method of synthesis followed in chemistry to synthesize lifesaving drugs, with prevention outgoing waste from industries. GC and chemical engineering or green engineering (GE) should produce eco-friendly chemical process for drug design which likely to be spread rapidly in next few decades. This chapter explains in-depth and compact with detailed glimpse of environment friendly-protocol and principle bridging continent and scientific discipline to create new solution.