The PsbS protein and low pH are necessary and sufficient to induce quenching in the light-harvesting complex of plants LHCII

Nicol, Lauren; Croce, Roberta

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86975-9

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…VDE converts the violaxanthin pool to zeaxanthin which may lead to violaxanthin-zeaxanthin exchange in the loose, peripheral xanthophyll-binding site of LHCII (Xu et al, 2015 ). It has been shown that the presence of zeaxanthin affects the kinetics and amplitude of NPQ but is not a strict requirement for it (Ruban and Horton, 1999 ; Nicol and Croce, 2021 ). Quenching can similarly be achieved in the absence of PsbS if ΔpH is driven to non-physiological levels (Johnson and Ruban, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trivial Excitation Energy Transfer to Carotenoids Is an Unlikely Mechanism for Non-photochemical Quenching in LHCII

et al. 2022

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Higher plants defend themselves from bursts of intense light via the mechanism of Non-Photochemical Quenching (NPQ). It involves the Photosystem II (PSII) antenna protein (LHCII) adopting a conformation that favors excitation quenching. In recent years several structural models have suggested that quenching proceeds via energy transfer to the optically forbidden and short-lived S1 states of a carotenoid. It was proposed that this pathway was controlled by subtle changes in the relative orientation of a small number of pigments. However, quantum chemical calculations of S1 properties are not trivial and therefore its energy, oscillator strength and lifetime are treated as rather loose parameters. Moreover, the models were based either on a single LHCII crystal structure or Molecular Dynamics (MD) trajectories about a single minimum. Here we try and address these limitations by parameterizing the vibronic structure and relaxation dynamics of lutein in terms of observable quantities, namely its linear absorption (LA), transient absorption (TA) and two-photon excitation (TPE) spectra. We also analyze a number of minima taken from an exhaustive meta-dynamical search of the LHCII free energy surface. We show that trivial, Coulomb-mediated energy transfer to S1 is an unlikely quenching mechanism, with pigment movements insufficiently pronounced to switch the system between quenched and unquenched states. Modulation of S1 energy level as a quenching switch is similarly unlikely. Moreover, the quenching predicted by previous models is possibly an artifact of quantum chemical over-estimation of S1 oscillator strength and the real mechanism likely involves short-range interaction and/or non-trivial inter-molecular states.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trivial Excitation Energy Transfer to Carotenoids Is an Unlikely Mechanism for Non-photochemical Quenching in LHCII

et al. 2022

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“…First, energy-dependent quenching, qE, is turned on rapidly by an increase in thylakoid lumen proton concentration, followed by protonation of the thylakoid membrane protein, photosystem II (PSII) subunit S (PsbS) [ 6 ], and reversible conversion of xanthophyll pigments. qE follows the variations of the transmembrane proton gradient (ΔpH), thus its induction and relaxation typically develop within a few minutes (1–3 min) [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Quality-Dependent Regulation of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Tomato Plants

Trojak

Skowron

2021

Biology

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Photosynthetic pigments of plants capture light as a source of energy for photosynthesis. However, the amount of energy absorbed often exceeds its utilization, thus causing damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Plants possess several mechanisms to minimize such risks, including non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), which allows them to dissipate excess excitation energy in the form of harmless heat. However, under non-stressful conditions in indoor farming, it would be favorable to restrict the NPQ activity and increase plant photosynthetic performance by optimizing the light spectrum. Towards this goal, we investigated the dynamics of NPQ, photosynthetic properties, and antioxidant activity in the leaves of tomato plants grown under different light qualities: monochromatic red (R), green (G), or blue (B) light (L) at 80 µmol m−2 s−1 and R:G:B = 1:1:1 (referred to as the white light (WL)) at 120 µmol m−2 s−1. The results confirm that monochromatic BL increased the quantum efficiency of PSII and photosynthetic pigments accumulation. The RL and BL treatments enhanced the NPQ amplitude and showed negative effects on antioxidant enzyme activity. In contrast, plants grown solely under GL or WL presented a lower amplitude of NPQ due to the reduced accumulation of NPQ-related proteins, photosystem II (PSII) subunit S (PsbS), PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION-LIKE1 (PGRL1), cytochrome b6f subunit f (cytf) and violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE). Additionally, we noticed that plants grown under GL or RL presented an increased rate of lipid peroxidation. Overall, our results indicate the potential role of GL in lowering the NPQ amplitude, while the role of BL in the RGB spectrum is to ensure photosynthetic performance and photoprotective properties.

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“…Lifetimes of pigment-protein complexes largely depend on their local environment, e.g. detergent or proteoliposome (41)(42)(43). The density of the micelles containing the LHCII trimers is similar with qH ON/OFF based on their respective peaks overlaying each other after separation by gel filtration (Fig.…”

Section: Less Qh In Isolated System Compared To Intact Onesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Furthermore, fluorescence lifetimes of pigment-protein complexes largely depend on their local environment, e.g. detergent or proteoliposome (Tietz et al, 2020, Crepin et al, 2021, Nicol & Croce, 2021), and comparison of LHCII in detergent micelles vs. membrane nanodiscs shows that quenching is attenuated by detergent (Son et al, 2020). Another possible explanation for the differences in fluorescence lifetimes among sample types is that a preserved membrane macroorganisation is required for a full qH response; indeed LH1 and LH2 antenna rings in purple bacteria display a 50% shorter lifetime in vivo compared to in vitro (Ricci et al, 1996), and similarly quenching in LHCII is dependent on its membrane environment (Moya et al, 2001, Natali et al, 2016, Saccon et al, 2020, Manna et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An energy-dissipative state of the major antenna complex of plants

Bru

Steen

Park

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Excess light can induce photodamage to the photosynthetic machinery, therefore plants have evolved photoprotective mechanisms such as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Different NPQ components have been identified and classified based on their relaxation kinetics and molecular players. The NPQ component qE is induced and relaxed rapidly (seconds to minutes), whereas the NPQ component qH is induced and relaxed slowly (hours or longer). Molecular players regulating qH have recently been uncovered, but the photophysical mechanism of qH and its location in the photosynthetic membrane have not been determined. Using time-correlated single-photon counting analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana suppressor of quenching 1 mutant (soq1), which displays higher qH than the wild type, we observed shorter average lifetime of chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves and thylakoids relative to wild type. Comparison of isolated photosynthetic complexes from plants in which qH was turned ON or OFF revealed a chlorophyll fluorescence decrease specifically in the trimeric light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) fraction when qH was ON. LHCII trimers are composed of Lhcb1, 2 and 3 proteins, so CRISPR-Cas9 edited and T-DNA insertion lhcb1, lhcb2 and lhcb3 mutants were crossed with soq1. In soq1 lhcb1, soq1 lhcb2, and soq1 lhcb3, qH was not abolished, indicating that no single major Lhcb isoform is necessary for qH. Using transient absorption spectroscopy of isolated thylakoids, no spectral signatures for chlorophyll-carotenoid excitation energy quenching or charge transfer quenching were observed, suggesting that qH may occur through chlorophyll-chlorophyll excitonic interaction.

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The PsbS protein and low pH are necessary and sufficient to induce quenching in the light-harvesting complex of plants LHCII

Cited by 45 publications

References 59 publications

Trivial Excitation Energy Transfer to Carotenoids Is an Unlikely Mechanism for Non-photochemical Quenching in LHCII

Trivial Excitation Energy Transfer to Carotenoids Is an Unlikely Mechanism for Non-photochemical Quenching in LHCII

Light Quality-Dependent Regulation of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Tomato Plants

An energy-dissipative state of the major antenna complex of plants

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