The psychological experience of prototyping

Gerber, Elizabeth M.; Carroll, Maureen

doi:10.1016/j.destud.2011.06.005

Cited by 126 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Protocol analysis has been criticized for oversimplifying design and design tasks 26 , however, and recent prototyping work has attempted to explore more complex design problems 36 . For example, Gerber et al 25 used ethnographic research techniques to study a design team at a large tech firm; their research found that "the production and rapid visualization of multiple ideas through low-fidelity prototyping allows practitioners to reframe failure as an opportunity for learning, supports a sense of forward progress, and strengthens beliefs about creative ability" 25 . Our work adds to this growing body of literature by exploring what aspects of prototyping student engineers are aware of as they engage in the design process, specifically during prototyping activities.…”

Section: Mckimmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within design cognition, researchers have evaluated how the use of physical objects, models, or prototypes affects designers' mental models 20,21,[27][28][29][30] , ideation abilities 6,7,22 , communications 23,24 , and psychological experiences 18,25 . Physical models, as defined by Viswanathan et al 6 , refer to "prototypes of any scale built to mimic certain aspects of the final design".…”

Section: Design Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This definition was created by synthesizing literature within engineering design 7,18,33,34,39 , engineering design education 2,5,6,22,40,42 , and human computer interaction 31,35,[42][43][44][45] . All three fields have explored the effect of fidelity and frequency of prototyping on the technical feasibility of the end design 18,22,[37][38][39][40] .…”

Section: Prototyping For Feasibility (Pff)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, Deci 16 showed that perceptions of high control in uncertain activities can lead to higher cognitive flexibility and creativity. We hypothesize that structured prototyping methods could increase young designers' and student engineers' feelings of control throughout the prototyping process and may lead to an increase in creative output 15 , higher levels of motivation 18 , and an increase in the quality of final designs 19 . As an initial step in the measurement of these outcomes, we sought to understand what students thought about or were aware of throughout the prototyping process, both when prototyping using Prototype for X (PFX) methods versus "prototyping in the wild" (i.e., without a structured process).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prototype for X (PFX) Framework: Assessing Its Impact on Students' Prototyping Awareness

Menold¹,

Jablokow²,

Simpson

et al.

2016 ASEE Annual Conference &Amp; Exposition Proceedings

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Jessica Menold is a third-year graduate student interested in entrepreneurship and the design process. She is currently conducting her graduate research with Dr. Kathryn Jablokow and Dr. Timothy Simpson on a project devoted to understanding how prototyping processes affect product design. Jessica is interested in exploring how a structured prototyping methodology, Prototype for X, could increase the end design's desirability, feasibility, and viability. She is also working to understand how these methods affect students' knowledge, skills, behaviors, and attitudes in regards to prototyping.Jessica is also working on a startup designing prosthetic limbs for individuals living in rural regions of developing countries. She has studied the design thinking process at the d.school in Berlin and holds design thinking workshops and classes for students and companies around Penn State.

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Section: Mckimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prototyping For Feasibility (Pff)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Prototype for X (PFX) Framework: Assessing Its Impact on Students' Prototyping Awareness

Menold¹,

Jablokow²,

Simpson

et al.

2016 ASEE Annual Conference &Amp; Exposition Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another study (16) attempts to understand the psychological experiences of designers as a result of engaging in low fidelity prototyping. When designers attempt to create a large number of scaled prototypes at low resource cost, they quickly get feedback regarding the product and gain a better understanding of the user preferences early into the design process.…”

Section: Advantages Of Prototypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Structured Prototyping Strategy on Capstone Design Projects

Gurjar

Jensen

Crawford

2015 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings

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Prototyping is often a very important phase in a capstone engineering design project.However, in many cases, prototyping decisions are made arbitrarily by students, adversely affecting the quality of the final product delivered. Previous research efforts at The University of Texas at Austin have developed a structured prototyping strategy tool based on a synthesis of prototyping techniques that have been shown to be effective. This strategy tool leads designers through the process of making decisions about aspects of a prototype program, such as how many concepts to prototype, the number of prototype iterations to complete for a given concept, and whether to use scaled prototypes. In this study the effect of explicit discussion of these prototyping decisions on the results of the capstone design projects was evaluated. Research suggests that early and frequent prototyping leads to increases in the quality and the novelty of designs. Therefore, the goal of this project was to determine if exposure to the prototyping strategy tool leads to vii an increase in the number of prototypes constructed. At the beginning of the semester, students in the capstone course received instruction on the benefits of prototyping and on the use of the prototyping strategy tool. Interviews were conducted at the end of the semester to evaluate the students' prototyping efforts. These results were compared to previous capstone projects where the students did not receive formal guidance on making prototyping decisions. The results of the comparison show statistically significant increases in the proportion of teams opting to create prototypes and the average number of prototypes per team. This thesis describes the study in detail, analyzes the results, and presents conclusions and future directions for the research.viii List of Tables CHAPTER 1: THESIS OVERVIEWThis thesis contains the research findings from a study to determine the effects of exposure of capstone design students to a well-defined prototyping strategy development tool.Prototyping has long been recognized as one of the most important stages of the product development process (1). Prototyping is the process of generating an initial manifestation of a design concept during the phases of concept generation and design verification.The product development process often constitutes a huge investment which must be offset by creation of a successful end product. From a financial standpoint it is very important that time and money invested in product development yields a successful product which can be launched into the market. However, an analysis of R&D spending finds that about 40-60% of R&D investment is lost in developing products which are never launched in the market or which do not yield adequate returns (2). The study also suggests that effective prototyping decisions (e.g. how many concepts to prototype simultaneously, how many iterations to pursue for a particular design concept) are critical aspects of a product development process and its success.When a design is p...

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Communication Challenges of Creating Personalized, Learner‐Centered Instruction

Friis¹,

O’Hair²

2020

The Handbook of Applied Communication Research

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The psychological experience of prototyping

Cited by 126 publications

References 30 publications

The Prototype for X (PFX) Framework: Assessing Its Impact on Students' Prototyping Awareness

The Prototype for X (PFX) Framework: Assessing Its Impact on Students' Prototyping Awareness

Effects of a Structured Prototyping Strategy on Capstone Design Projects

Communication Challenges of Creating Personalized, Learner‐Centered Instruction

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