The public health impacts of a fat tax

Tiffin, Richard; Arnoult, Matthieu H.

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.281

Cited by 71 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…6,7,21 The strategies adopted so far have not proved adequate, such as the inefficient self-regulation by the industry with regards advertising aimed at children. 25 The effects of increasing tax on soft drinks, 2 and energy dense 20 food items, and of those high in saturated fat 31 on reducing the prevalence of excess weight and obesity 27 and reducing calories purchased for consumption 20 have been shown. These studies need to be applied in the form of effective public policies which act in conjunction with other activities in order to modify the food system as a whole.…”

Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Participacao crescente de produtos ultraprocessados na dieta brasileira (1987-2009)

et al. 2013

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OBJECTIVE:To establish temporal trends in household food and drink consumption in Brazil, taking into account the extent and purpose of its industrial processing. 1987-1988, 1995-1996, 2002-2003 and 2008-2009. In all surveys, probabilistic samples of households in the metropolitan areas were studied and, for the last two surveys, the scope was national. The units of analysis were food purchases records of clusters of households. The purchased food items were divided according to the extent and purpose of their industrial processing into: 'in natura' or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients and ready-to-consume, processed and ultra-processed food and drink products. The quantity of each item was converted into energy. For each survey, the daily availability of calories per capita and the caloric share of the food groups were estimated. For the national surveys, estimates were calculated by income quintiles. Temporal trends were assessed using linear regression models and difference of means tests. METHODS: Data was obtained from Household Budget Surveys conducted in Brazil in RESULTS:The caloric share of ready-to-consume products significantly increased between 2002-2003 and 2008-2009 (from 23.0% to 27.8% of total calories), mainly because of the increase in the consumption of ultra-processed products (20.8% to 25.4%). In the same period, there was a significant reduction in the caloric share of foods and culinary ingredients. The increase in the ultraprocessed products caloric share occurred across all income quintiles. There was an uniform increase in the caloric share of ready-to-consume products in the metropolitan areas, mostly in place of ultra-processed products, accompanied by a decrease in the share of 'in natura' or minimally processed foods and culinary ingredients. CONCLUSIONS:The share of ultra-processed products significantly increased in the Brazilian diet, as seen in the metropolitan areas since the 1980s, and confirmed at a national level in the 2000s.

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Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Participacao crescente de produtos ultraprocessados na dieta brasileira (1987-2009)

et al. 2013

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“…Mas à proporção que aumentam a demanda por esses produtos e a participação deles na alimentação, é esperada uma redução nos preços 41,42 , o que resulta em um ciclo vicioso de ampliação de acesso e de demanda que favorece padrões alimentares essencialmente marcados pelo consumo de produtos ricos em sal, gorduras e açúcar e dificulta mudanças para um padrão regido por alimentos saudáveis, como as frutas e hortaliças 15,41,42 . Os resultados do presente estudo, somados à evidência da efetividade e custo/efetividade de medidas fiscais para favorecer a aquisição de alimentos benéficos à saúde, como é o caso das frutas e hortaliças, e reduzir a demanda por produtos não saudáveis como os refrigerantes 15,29,43,44,45 , indicam que a ausência de medidas de regulação de preços comprometerá cada vez mais o potencial impacto de intervenções de base comunitária dedicadas a aumentar o consumo de frutas e hortaliças.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…No entanto, apesar de ainda serem poucos, os estudos que investigaram essa competição têm consistentemente demonstrado uma influência negativa da participação de fast-foods e outros produtos ultraprocessados na alimentação sobre o consumo de frutas e hortaliças 22,23,24,25,26 . Há indicações, inclusive, de que intervenções desenhadas para aumentar a demanda por frutas e hortaliças teriam seu efeito amplificado quando combinadas com estratégias voltadas à redução de demanda por fast-foods e produtos prontos para o consumo 27,28,29 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Aquisição domiciliar de refrigerantes e de biscoitos reduz o efeito de uma intervenção de promoção de frutas e hortaliças

2017

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Resumo: O presente estudo examina a influência do aumento da disponibilidade intradomiciliar de refrigerantes e biscoitos sobre os efeitos de uma intervenção de promoção do consumo de frutas e hortaliças. Foram analisados os dados de 70 famílias que viviam em comunidades de baixa renda na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, que foram selecionadas por meio de uma amostra probabilística estratificada e completaram registro alimentar de 30 dias antes e depois da intervenção. A intervenção contribuiu para um aumento significativo na disponibilidade intradomiciliar de frutas e hortaliças (+2,7 p.p.; IC95%: 1,5; 4,0), superando a tendência de estagnação na população brasileira. Já a aquisição de refrigerantes e biscoitos, que não foi objeto da intervenção, acompanhou a tendência crescente de consumo destes produtos (+5,8 p.p.; IC95%: 3,3; 8,4). As famílias que aumentaram a aquisição de refrigerantes e biscoitos apresentaram menores aumentos, ou decréscimos, na aquisição de frutas e hortaliças (p < 0,05) e tiveram uma chance quase quatro vezes menor de experimentar algum aumento na disponibilidade intradomiciliar de frutas e hortaliças.

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“…This is illustrated by the fact that increasing attention has recently been given by governments to diet-related diseases and obesity (Smed 2012). Several countries have discussed interventions to stimulate healthy food consumption by means of fiscal measures (Tiffin and Arnoult 2011;Sacks et al 2011). An example is the introduction of a fat tax in Denmark (Smed 2012).…”

Section: Autonomy and Responsibility Within The Dilemma Of Individualmentioning

confidence: 99%

Values at stake: autonomy, responsibility, and trustworthiness in relation to genetic testing and personalized nutrition advice

et al. 2013

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Personalized nutrition has the potential to enhance individual health control. It could be seen as a means to strengthen people's autonomy as they learn more about their personal health risks, and receive dietary advice accordingly. We examine in what sense personalized nutrition strengthens or weakens individual autonomy. The impact of personalized nutrition on autonomy is analyzed in relation to responsibility and trustworthiness. On a societal level, individualization of health promotion may be accompanied by the attribution of extended individual responsibility for one's health. This constitutes a dilemma of individualization, caused by a conflict between the right to individual freedom and societal interests. The extent to which personalized nutrition strengthens autonomy is consequently influenced by how responsibility for health is allocated to individuals. Ethically adequate allocation of responsibility should focus on prospective responsibility and be differentiated with regard to individual differences concerning the capacity of adults to take responsibility. The impact of personalized nutrition on autonomy also depends on its methodological design. Owing to the complexity of information received, personalized nutrition through genetic testing (PNTGT) is open to misinterpretation and may not facilitate informed choices and autonomy. As new technologies, personalized nutrition and PNTGT are subject to issues of trust. To strengthen autonomy, trust should be approached in terms of trustworthiness. Trustworthiness implies that an organization that develops or introduces personalized nutrition can show that it is competent to deal with both the technical and moral dimensions at stake and that its decisions are motivated by the interests and expectations of the truster.Keywords Personalized nutrition Á Ethics Á Autonomy Á Responsibility Á Trustworthiness This study was conducted on behalf of the Food4Me project.Food4Me is the acronym of the EU FP7 project: ''Personalised nutrition: an integrated analysis of opportunities and challenges''

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The public health impacts of a fat tax

Cited by 71 publications

References 20 publications

Participacao crescente de produtos ultraprocessados na dieta brasileira (1987-2009)

Participacao crescente de produtos ultraprocessados na dieta brasileira (1987-2009)

Aquisição domiciliar de refrigerantes e de biscoitos reduz o efeito de uma intervenção de promoção de frutas e hortaliças

Values at stake: autonomy, responsibility, and trustworthiness in relation to genetic testing and personalized nutrition advice

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