“…Previous studies examining non-dominant students' practices in and out of school contexts have challenged a deficit perspective towards non-dominant students and have collectively highlighted non-dominant people's and communities' competence in collective practices that involve mathematical tools (Baker et al, 2003;Brenner, 1998;Civil, 2007;Gonzalez, Andrade, Civil, & Moll, 2001;Nasir & Hand, 2008;Saxe, 2012;Saxe & Esmonde, 2005;Taylor, 2009). These studies foreground mathematical competence and Bfunds of knowledge ( Moll, Amanti, Neff, & Gonzalez, 1992, p.133), which have traditionally been neglected in school contexts.…”