The purification of an ionic liquid

Gnahm, Markus; Kolb, Dieter M.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.11.019

Cited by 54 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The ionic liquid was vacuum-dried for 24 hours at elevated temperatures (80°C) and purified with a molecular sieve, as described in Ref. [19]. All experiments, including handling of the IL, were performed under nitrogen atmosphere, either in a glove box or in boxes with streaming nitrogen.…”

Section: Materials Electrochemical Cells and Basic Electrochemical Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the key points of doing double-layer studies in ILs are the use of single crystal surfaces with well-defined structures and clean ILs. This is why we have studied mostly Au single crystals in a commercially available high-purity imidazolium salt, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-hexafluorophosphate (BMIPF 6 ) [16][17][18][19]. [ 16,17,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is why we have studied mostly Au single crystals in a commercially available high-purity imidazolium salt, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-hexafluorophosphate (BMIPF 6 ) [16][17][18][19]. [ 16,17,18,19]. Apart from BMIPF 6 , we made experiments also with a home-made guanidinium-based IL [20]; while the results reported in this paper were obtained with an ionic liquid comprising the same imidazoliumbased cation as in BMIPF 6 , but in combination with the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, Tf 2 N − anion (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The interface between Au(100) and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

Müller

Vesztergom

Pajkossy

et al. 2015

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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The electrochemical interface of Au(100) and an ionic liquid, BMITf 2 N, has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and in-situ STM with the aim to compare this particular electrochemical system with the Au(100) | BMIPF 6 electrode. It is demonstrated that the two systems share the same electrochemical features: the capacitance spectra around the pztc show a double-arc structure on the complex plane, and the high frequency capacitance limits are practically the same in both systems. The double layer rearrangement processes are very slow; they proceed with time constants of minutes. Ordered adlayers of cations and anions have been imaged by in-situ STM.

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Section: Materials Electrochemical Cells and Basic Electrochemical Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The interface between Au(100) and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

Müller

Vesztergom

Pajkossy

et al. 2015

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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“…14,15 Water has a significant effect on the electrochemical properties of an RTIL by increasing the conductivity, 1,2,14,16 decreasing the density 17 and viscosity, 1,2,14,18 and reducing the electrochemical potential window. 1,2,14,19 The purification of RTILs often involves the use of a sorbent material, such as activated carbon, alumina or silica that can be employed after different procedures. 14 The conventional method for removing * Electrochemical Society Student Member.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2,14,19 The purification of RTILs often involves the use of a sorbent material, such as activated carbon, alumina or silica that can be employed after different procedures. 14 The conventional method for removing * Electrochemical Society Student Member. * * Electrochemical Society Active Member.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Preparation of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids with Low Water Content as Characterized with a ta-C:N Electrode

Jarošová

Swain

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) provide an ionic, solvent-free medium for electrochemical reactions. RTILs are appreciated for their many unique properties; nevertheless, it is precisely these qualities that can be very easily debased by water and organic impurities. Water, as a major contaminant in hygroscopic RTILs, has a strong effect on the physical and electrochemical properties (e.g., viscosity and dielectric constant, hence the background voltammetric current, diffusion coefficient of redox analytes and electron-transfer kinetics). In this work, a simple and relatively rapid purification process was investigated that involves sparging ultrahigh purity Ar through the RTIL while being heated at 70 • C (so-called sweeping). A more conventional vacuum drying method at 80 • C was used for comparison. The electrochemical properties of two RTILs, [BMIM] [BF 4 ] and [EMIM] [BF 4 ], were assessed voltammetrically using a nitrogen-incorporated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C:N) thin-film electrode. We found the sweeping purification method to be superior to vacuum drying in terms of more timely and effective removal of water. In addition, we present for the first time some of the basic electrochemical properties of novel ta-C:N electrode in contact with a RTIL. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are pure salts with melting points near or below room temperature.1,2 Many ILs are composed of a bulky organic cation, like 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, and a smaller inorganic anion, such as tetrafluoroborate. Equal numbers of positive and negative ions are present so the whole liquid is electrically neutral. Importantly, there is no solvent so the interfacial structure of an RTIL at an electrified interface is expected to be quite distinct from that of a typical aqueous electrolyte solution. It is also likely that the interfacial structure will depend on the carbon electrode microstructure and surface chemistry. 3 The conventional Gouy-Chapman-Stern model used to describe the electric double layer in aqueous or organic electrolytes is probably inappropriate for describing the interfacial structure in an ionic liquid. 4 In addition, the solution environment around a redox analyte will be different in an RTIL than in an aqueous electrolyte. How this environment affects electron-transfer kinetics and mechanisms at carbon electrodes is the focus of our ongoing research. RTIL properties useful for electrochemical applications include negligible vapor pressure, high thermal and chemical stability, moderate electrical conductivity, non-flammability and a wide working potential window or breakdown voltage. They are appreciated in many areas of chemistry and electrochemistry as a "green" 5-7 recyclable alternative to traditional organic solvents for batteries 8,9 and fuel cells. 10,11Depending on the electrode and the RTIL, the electrochemical potential window or breakdown voltage can be on the order of 5-6 V. 1,2,12,13 This is dependent on the purity of the RTIL because the nature and concentration of contaminants...

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Versatile 3D‐Printed Micro‐Reference Electrodes for Aqueous and Non‐Aqueous Solutions

et al. 2021

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While numerous reference electrodes suitable for aqueous electrolytes exist, there is no well-defined standardfor non-aqueous electrolytes.F urthermore,r eference electrodes are often large and do not meet the sizerequirements for small cells.Inthis work, we present asimple method for fabricating stable 3D-printed micro-reference electrodes.T he prints are made from polyvinylidene fluoride,w hich is chemically inert in strong acids,b ases,a nd commonly used non-aqueous solvents.W ec hose six different reference systems based on Ag, Cu, Zn, and Na, including three aqueous and three nonaqueous systems to demonstrate the versatility of the approach. Subsequently,w ec onducted cyclic voltammetry experiments and measured the potential difference between the aqueous homemade reference electrodes and ac ommercial Ag/AgClelectrode.F or the non-aqueous reference electrodes,w ec hose the ferrocene redox couple as an internal standard. Fromthese measurements,w ed educed that this new class of microreference electrodes is leak-tight and shows as table electrode potential.

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The purification of an ionic liquid

Cited by 54 publications

References 17 publications

The interface between Au(100) and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

The interface between Au(100) and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

Rapid Preparation of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids with Low Water Content as Characterized with a ta-C:N Electrode

Versatile 3D‐Printed Micro‐Reference Electrodes for Aqueous and Non‐Aqueous Solutions

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