The Quadrilateral Socket and CAT-CAM Socket: A Comparison of Metabolic Cost During Ambulation

Gailey, Robert; Lawrence, David A.; Burditt, Cheryl Ann; Spyropoulos, Panagiotis; Newell, Charles K.

doi:10.1097/01823246-199203010-00013

Cited by 6 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…In the slow walking phase, they observed higher VO2 (ptO.05) and HR (pt0.01) in the quadrilateral and CAD/CAM groups than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference between quadrilateral and CAD/CAM sockets groups with respect to VO2 or HR [25]. The present study evaluated the walking time with the prosthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Early and immediate prosthetic fitting decreases oedema and positively contributes to wound healing, residual limb shaping, development of proprioception, and patients' psychological condition [14]. It is considerably difficult to produce prostheses, perform adjustments, and record information using conventional methods [25]. Furthermore, casting involves additional difficulties for the leg [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the use of conventional versus computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing sockets on clinical characteristics and quality of life of transfemoral amputees

Aydin¹

2019

Ann Clin Anal Med

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Aim: Amputee mobilisation requires prosthetic device use regardless of the amputation level and type. The socket is the most important part of the prosthesis and is manufactured by conventional methods worldwide. Recently, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing systems have been frequently used in Europe and the United States for socket design. Use of the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing method for socket production is increasing day by day. Are the sockets produced by this method advantageous or disadvantageous for amputees compared to the sockets produced by the conventional method? These results will provide guidance for units and centres that produce both above-knee and below-knee prostheses. For this purpose, we investigated whether there are differences between amputees fitted with conventional sockets and those fitted with computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing sockets in terms of their clinical characteristics and quality of life. Material and Method: In total, 56 patients, 28 fitted with a conventional socket (CS group) and 28 fitted with a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing socket (CAD/CAM group), were included in the study. The duration of daily prosthetic use, walking time with the prosthesis, walking distance with the prosthesis, walking time with the prosthesis without pain, time of adaptation to the prosthesis, causes of amputation, and manufacturing and fitting time of the prosthesis were investigated. Quality of life was evaluated using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Turkish version of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales (TAPES). Pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: General and mental health statuses were somewhat better in the CAD/CAM group. Results were more favourable in the CAD/CAM group for the other items of the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire (p > 0.05). The CAD/CAM group performed better in restriction of activity subscale (p = 0.012). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding other parameters of TAPES (p > 0.05). The daily walking time with the prosthesis was higher in the CAD/CAM group than in the CS group (statistically significant; p = 0.020). The manufacturing and fitting time of the prosthesis was significantly different between the CAD/CAM and CS groups (p = 0.017). The VAS pain score was significantly lower in the CAD/ CAM group (p < 0001). Discussion: Prosthetic sockets manufactured for above-knee amputees using the CAD/CAM method yielded some better outcomes than those manufactured with conventional methods in terms of quality of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the use of conventional versus computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing sockets on clinical characteristics and quality of life of transfemoral amputees

Aydin¹

2019

Ann Clin Anal Med

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“…It is also termed CAT CAM (Contoured Adducted Trochanteric Controlled Alignment Method) or ''ischial ramal weight bearing socket'', because it encloses the ischial tuberosity and the ramus within the socket. For more than two decades, the IC socket supplanted the quadrilateral socket, also because it reduces the energy cost of walking [2]. Then, about ten years ago Marlo Ortiz Vasquez developed the Marlo Anatomical Socket (MAS 1 ) for TF amputees (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy cost of walking in transfemoral amputees: Comparison between Marlo Anatomical Socket and Ischial Containment Socket

et al. 2011

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“…Several investigators have demonstrated that the increase in prosthetic weight results in increased metabolic cost [7]. The energy consumption of an amputee can be minimized up to 56% by using light weight socket with increased heat transfer rate [8]. The existing socket material is heavy and has poor heat transfer rate, which is a huge concern for the amputee.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another layer of stockinette was placed on top of this and a required amount of polyester resin mixture was poured. The set of layers was repeated again till we get the desired number of sandwich-structured composite (2,4,6,8,10). Finally, the composite was cured for 4 hr in room temperature to get the sandwich-structured composite.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diminution of Weight and Heat Accumulation in Transfemoral Socket Using PE/MWCNT Composite

Viswasam

Dhas

2020

Advances in Polymer Technology

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The socket plays an important role in prostheses by providing structural integrity and suspension to the distal thigh of an amputee. Heat accumulation and weight of the socket increase the energy consumption in the amputee. To overcome the same, widely used polyester-based sandwich-structured composite was reinforced with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 wt% multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and analyzed for the thermal and mechanical properties. MWCNT added in a small weight proportion with polyester enhances the mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposites as they have excellent mechanical and physical properties. The flexural and thermal property was evaluated as per ASTM D790 and ISO 22007-2 standard. It was noticed that the thermal property enhances with increase in wt% of MWCNT and mechanical properties decreased when more than 0.6 wt% MWCNT was reinforced. Hence, the sandwich-structured composite was prepared using polyester resin, 2 to 10 stockinette layers, fiberglass cloth, and 0.6 wt% of MWCNT. The thermal conductivity and flexural strength of 0.6 wt% MWCNT-reinforced sandwich-structured composite were enhanced upto 68.4% and 11.4% for 2-10 stockinette layers, respectively, while comparing to the unreinforced polyester sandwich-structured composite. The 0.6 wt% MWCNT-reinforced sandwich-structured composite may help in reducing the weight and heat build up in the socket. Hence, it is recommended to analyze further on their application in transfemoral socket preparation to bring down an amputee’s metabolic cost.

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The Quadrilateral Socket and CAT-CAM Socket: A Comparison of Metabolic Cost During Ambulation

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of the use of conventional versus computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing sockets on clinical characteristics and quality of life of transfemoral amputees

Effects of the use of conventional versus computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing sockets on clinical characteristics and quality of life of transfemoral amputees

Energy cost of walking in transfemoral amputees: Comparison between Marlo Anatomical Socket and Ischial Containment Socket

Diminution of Weight and Heat Accumulation in Transfemoral Socket Using PE/MWCNT Composite

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