The qualitative and quantitative analysis of lubricant oil additives by direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry

Costa, Caitlyn Da; Whitmarsh, Samuel; Lynch, Tom; Creaser, Colin S.

doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2016.05.011

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Elemental concentration is a good index of lubricants degradation, this result is compatible with that of Andrews et al, [18] who reported that by quantitatively monitoring the concentration of the antioxidant additives and their chemical changes with time one must therefore be able to evaluate the oil's remaining useful life. Whereas, Costa et al, [12] reported that thermal fragmentation of the quaternary ammonium salts produces diagnostic ions that can be used to identify the quaternary amine species even when the molecular ions are not observed. This has been demonstrated for that the corrosion inhibitor additives present in an oil matrix and deposited on steel.…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Engine Oil Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lubricants contain mostly of minerals or synthetic base oil consisting of hydrocarbons paraffin, naphthenic and, to a lesser extent, aromatic hydrocarbons, to which is added a quantity of chemical additives which content is between 2% and 25% [11]. Chemical additives have diverse properties, such as corrosion, antioxidants, inhibitors and friction modifiers, which control the chemical and physical nature of the oil [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical analysis of engine oils as an indicator to estimate the rate of wear

2018

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C URRENT research aims to inspect the chemical analysis of engine oils as an indicator of wear in engine. The novelty of work is to test lubricating oil quality and to determine the wear rate in a simple way by taking oil sample of 10 cm 3 and analyzed it in about 5 minutes. This can be done during the operation of equipment without need to stop them, furthermore, this method is a quick indicator of the need to change oil as soon as the initial evidence of wear in the oil molecules. Fresh and used oil samples were chemically analyzed for its elemental analysis for additive elements such as Fe, Cr, pb, Cu, Sn, Al, Ti and Zn, to clarification the wear generation of engine from the contamination present in the lubricating oil. Obtained results showed that increasing percentage of particles of Fe, Cr, pb, Cu, Sn, Al, Ti and Zn metals accompanied by the wear caused in these metals. Height ratio in element Si was not too high this indicated the quality and efficiency of air filters after 100 hours working. Salts such as Na, Ca have increased, but Ba decreased by chemical action at hot temperature of engine.

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Section: Chemical Analysis Of Engine Oil Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical analysis of engine oils as an indicator to estimate the rate of wear

2018

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“…Direct surface analysis techniques such as desorption electrospray ionization (DESI‐MS) 29 oil analysis and direct analysis in real time coupled with mass spectrometry (DART‐MS) 30 have been applied for quantitative analysis of a commercial lubricant antioxidant additive in a base oil, while mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) by means of laser desorption/ionization reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LDI‐RTOF‐MS) was used to analyse ex situ oil components applied as lubricant additives in a tribological layer of a tribologically stressed surface 31 . Another analytical technique employed for direct analysis of base oils and additives is the atmospheric solids analysis probe in conjunction with ion mobility mass spectrometry (ASAP‐IM‐MS) 32,33 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Other available techniques include X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), 16,18 RAMAN spectroscopy, 19 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), 8,[20][21][22] Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 23,24 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), 25,26 high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry coupled with mass spectrometry (FAIMS-MS), 27 or dynamic time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). 28 Direct surface analysis techniques such as desorption electrospray ionization (DESI-MS) 29 oil analysis and direct analysis in real time coupled with mass spectrometry (DART-MS) 30 have been applied for quantitative analysis of a commercial lubricant antioxidant additive in a base oil, while mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) by means of laser desorption/ionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-RTOF-MS) was used to analyse ex situ oil components applied as lubricant additives in a tribological layer of a tribologically stressed surface. 31 Another analytical technique employed for direct analysis of base oils and additives is the atmospheric solids analysis probe in conjunction with ion mobility mass spectrometry (ASAP-IM-MS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of engine oil additive components

Ramopoulou

Widder

Brenner

et al. 2022

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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The efficiency of lubricants strongly depends on the content of functional additives. In order to assess the chemical and structural changes taking place in the lubricating oil and its additives during operation, it is essential to develop a method for simple and prompt analysis.Methods: Two single additives as well as a fully formulated engine oil were analysed using an atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP-MALDI) source coupled to a linear trap quadrupole Orbitrap XL hybrid tandem mass spectrometer and compared with results obtained by means of electrospray ionization (ESI) including additional low-energy collision-induced dissociation (LE-CID). The identification of additives directly from technical surfaces was simulated by using steel substrates as AP-MALDI targets with varying roughness. Results: After assessment and selection of the most suited AP-MALDI matrix it was found that pure additives such as calcium sulfonate and zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPs) could well be identified with abundant signal intensity based on their elemental composition. Molecular identification was corroborated by LE-CID in ESI mode. Additionally, additives present in the fully formulated commercial oil such as ZDDPs and salicylates could be reliably identified based on the elemental composition of the deprotonated molecules by means of the Orbitrap unit on different substrates including steel surfaces with high roughness.Conclusions: AP-MALDI is an efficient technique for determination of lubricant additives directly from commercial oil blends. Identification of additive components was also achieved on steel surfaces with high roughness as applied in tribological systems and thus it is expected that it will be possible to assess additive degradation in real applications, enabling more effective and timely maintenance measures.

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“…Usually, additives are solid compounds dissolving in the base oil. They could be organic or inorganic in nature and they usually have a volume fraction ranging between 0.1 to 20 percent [3,4,5]. They assist with improving corrosion inhibition, viscosity index, and extreme pressure bearing ability and modifying friction [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Friction and Wear Behavior of Date Palm Fruit Syrup as an Environmentally Friendly Lubricant

2019

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The effect of various operational factors, such as sliding speed, normal load and temperature on the tribological properties of Date palm fruit syrup (DPFS) as an environmentally friendly lubricant, is investigated. Ball-on-disc wear tests are conducted on mild steel samples in the presence of DPFS as a lubricant under different conditions and the coefficient of friction and wear rate are measured. Scanning electron microscopy, stylus profilometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are used to evaluate the wear tracks to determine the underlying wear mechanisms. Results showed that DPFS has excellent tribological properties in terms of low friction and low wear rates making it a potential candidate to be used as a lubricant in tribological applications.

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The qualitative and quantitative analysis of lubricant oil additives by direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Chemical analysis of engine oils as an indicator to estimate the rate of wear

Chemical analysis of engine oils as an indicator to estimate the rate of wear

Atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of engine oil additive components

Evaluation of Friction and Wear Behavior of Date Palm Fruit Syrup as an Environmentally Friendly Lubricant

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