Caring for patients who lack decision-making capacity is common in health care and presents numerous practical and ethical challenges. Unrepresented patients are vulnerable in part because they do not have anyone to help articulate their values and preferences, and they cannot do so themselves. This commentary suggests a deliberative approach to responding to these patients' needs. Case Ms B is a 65-year-old homeless woman with 2 years of progressively worsening altered mental status, anxiety, depression, and paranoia. After several prolonged involuntary admissions at an inpatient psychiatric center, during which her altered mental status was refractory to multiple modalities of treatment, psychiatrists began to suspect an organic cause of her altered mental status and psychiatric symptoms. She was admitted to the hospital for further workup. During her hospitalization, she intermittently refuses tests and medications. She yells, "Get out!" to anyone who enters her room. All blood tests and imaging are negative. After consultation with neurology, it is determined that Ms B needs a lumbar puncture for further workup, which she consistently refuses. After a thorough assessment, the primary team determines that Ms B does not have capacity to refuse a lumbar puncture. No family members or friends have been identified during this hospitalization or during previous admissions at the inpatient psychiatric facility.