The Quality of Government OECD Dataset, version Jan21

Gender quotas and public demand for increasing women’s representation in politics: an analysis of 28 European countries

“…As women’s economic empowerment differs substantially cross-nationally (World Economic Forum, 2018), citizens may draw implications for the political field in countries characterized by more economic gender equality and extrapolate that there is less need to boost gender equality in formal politics. The models hence control for the ratio of female/male labour force participation that divides the 2016 percentage of economically active women, 15–64, by the 2016 percentage of economically active men, 15–64 (Teorell et al , 2019). This ratio provides a better indication than the female labour force rate, which may be affected by women’s employment participation but also by education expansion and average retirement ages (World Economic Forum, 2018).…”

“…Previous work highlights the centrality of governance quality (Barnes and Córdova, 2016) in the country-level support for more gender balance in politics (H5). Given that the index of governance quality used by Barnes and Córdova (2016) covers only Latin American countries, we draw on an alternative variablethe indicator of quality of government (ICRG)that captures the degree of '[absence of] corruption', 'law and order' and 'bureaucratic quality' in the country (Teorell et al, 2019), covers all European countries and has strong conceptual affinities with the index of governance quality employed by Barnes and Córdova (2016). The prediction of an influence of country prosperity (H2) is moreover tested through the (logged) 2016 GDP per capita.…”

The Dahrendorf Quandary, Crisis Severity, and Country Performance

“…The associated stressor is an aggregation of two indicators. The first measures the extent of industrial deskilling of the national labor force using data from the Quality of Government Database (Teorell et al, 2019), showing the per cent of active labor force employed in industry). The measure signifies changes in the labor force towards lower‐paying and more precarious service jobs.…”

“…The Liberal Democracy stress measure is an aggregation of three indicators that together signify challenges to the liberal order: legislative electoral turnout (at the most recent national elections) with data from Vdem (Coppedge et al, 2019); the electoral performance of anti‐system or disloyal opposition parties from the far right and far left (Armingeon et al, 2019); and dissatisfaction with democracy using data from the Quality of Government Project (Teorell et al, 2019). The variable averages the results of various surveys taken each year that probe for that country’s satisfaction with democracy, offering a yearly value for the proportion of surveyed people satisfied with national democracy each year.…”

“…The Social Cohesion stressor is constructed from three indicators together capture key aspects of the extent to distrust, social isolation, and the ‘health’ of civil society: one is a reversal of the social trust variable from the Quality of Government dataset (Teorell et al, 2019) as a measure of deteriorating social cohesion; social exclusion is measured as a percentage of individuals in a country at a given time who are unemployed, have not completed secondary education, and who are not members of voluntary organizations (European Value Study 2015, 2019; NORC General Social Survey for the US; Smith et al, 1972–2018); and the Vdem Core Civil Society Index, which measures the degree of autonomy of civil society from the state and the extent to which citizens can freely and actively pursue their political and civic goals, however conceived (Coppedge et al, 2019).…”