Serum placental lactogen (hPL) and pregnancy-specific PIglycoprotein (SP,) concentrations were measured in 16 insulin-dependent pregnant diabetic women and in 16 non-diabetic control subjects matched for placental weight. hPL concentrations were found to be significantly higher in diabetics with placental weight >90th centile compared with those in (i) non-diabetic controls with placental weight >90th centile and (ii) diabetics with placental weights <90th centile. SP, concentrations were higher in both diabetic groups compared with those in their respective nondiabetic controls, but no tllfference existed between the two diabetic groups. In the control subjects infant birthweights were lower in the women with small placentae, but no such difference was observed between the two diabetic groups.