The questionnaire on resources and stress: An instrument to measure family response to a handicapped family member

Evidence-Based Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children and Adolescents

“…Those with established psychometric properties that have been used with the ASD population include the Parenting Stress Index (Abidin, 1995), the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (Holroyd, 1974;Konstantareas, Homatidis, & Plowright, 1992), the Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents (Sheras, Abidin, & Konold, 1998), and the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1987). Scales that measure family and community resources include the Family Support Scale (Dunst, Jenkins, & Trivette, 1984) and the Family Needs Scale (Dunst, Cooper, Weeldreyer, Snyder, & Chase, 1988), which assesses the availability of resources, such as education, leisure, employment, finances, and transportation.…”

Autism, Attachment and Parenting: A Comparison of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Mental Retardation, Language Disorder, and Non-clinical Children

“…DeMyer's (1979) findings suggest guilt in twothird of the mothers of children with autism, and ambivalence and grief regarding the amount of time devoted to their child with autism at their own expense and that of the family. Mothers of children with autism described themselves as unable to pursue personal goals (Holroyd 1974;Milgram and Atzil 1988;Tunali and Power 2002). Again, it should be noted that these parental concerns and stresses may also be apparent in parents of children with other problems, such as mental retardation or language delays.…”

A comparative study of parental stress among mothers and fathers of deaf school-age children

“…Most often these studies have used samples which include only mothers of handicapped children. Only two studies could be found in which maternal and paternal stress were compared (Holroyd, 1974;Tavormina, Bull, Dunn, Luscomb, & Taylor, 1981) and both studies reported that maternal stress exceeded paternal stress. However, these two studies used parents of handicapped children presenting a mixture of handicaps and were characterized by an uneven level of parental participation in data collection.…”