The quota system for employment of people with disabilities in China: Policy, practice, barriers, and ways forward

Liao, Juan

doi:10.1080/09687599.2020.1833311

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As of 2020, ENABLE has outperformed many non-disabled competitors, becoming a major supplier of data annotation services for AITech. In my experience as a non-profit professional, most corporations' motivation to hire disabled people was to fulfill a disability employment quota mandated by the Chinese government, because non-compliance could result in a significant financial penalty (Liao, 2021). Often, even such strong incentives could not persuade employers.…”

Section: Stability As Technical Edgementioning

confidence: 99%

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Good for tech: Disability expertise and labor in China's artificial intelligence sector

Wu¹

2023

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People with disabilities are often perceived as being “given” the opportunity to work, rather than “providing” valuable labor. Centering on disabled data workers as experts involved in the quotidian construction of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in China, this article shows that disability expertise and labor can afford a technical edge to AI systems in a certain political economy. In the case examined, the work of consistently synchronizing interpretations of the ambiguous data and elusive rules of smart home systems prefers a stable annotation workforce with coordinated cognition and trained judgment. This technical demand has come to be met by a committed team of skilled disabled workers, who are pushed out from mainstream job market by systemic ableism, and pulled in by disability-informed expertise that reconfigures space, time, and political economy to meet non-normative bodyminds. Through this exceptional case run by a disabled people led organization, I draw attention to disabled people’s under-examined role as system-builders of information technologies as opposed to users, victims, or inspirations, and highlight the transformative potential of disability expertise.

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Section: Stability As Technical Edgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Failure to comply shall result in financial penalty. In practice, however, the system is poorly enforced, and has created perverse incentives (Liao, 2021), such as performing "fake employment" that rents a disabled person's certificate without real work.…”

Section: Escaping Ableism: "I'd Do Anything But Massage!"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Good for tech: Disability expertise and labor in China's artificial intelligence sector

Wu¹

2023

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“…Second, China established a quota system in the early 1990s. As the most important tool for including persons with disabilities into formal employment in China, it has proven to be of very limited effectiveness [ 19 , 40 ] as has been observed worldwide [ 41 ].…”

Section: Research Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretically speaking, the quota system is the most important instrument for providing high quality jobs for persons with disabilities. However, the majority of job opportunities created by the quota system are low-quality, mainly resulting from both the employers’ practice and the low workability of persons with disabilities [ 19 , 40 ]. In our study, there was a participant with a degree-two intellectual disability who once was entitled to dibao .…”

Section: Research Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Disability Income Benefits Affect Employment for Persons with Disabilities in China: An Impairment-Based Work Disability Assessment Perspective

Hao

Xiao

2022

IJERPH

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Reconciling the potentially conflicting goals between income benefits and employment has become one of the key issues in international disability policy for working-age persons with disabilities. Inspired by the often-criticized experience of disability income benefits having an exclusory effect on employment of persons with disabilities in welfare states by two mechanisms—the disincentive effect of the generous benefits based on the work incapacity of persons with disabilities and the impairment-based work disability assessment for attaining these benefits—this paper aims to examine how disability income benefits affect employment for persons with disabilities in China. Using the life-story interviews method, this paper found that the disability income benefits for persons with disabilities based on their work incapability create “quasi-employment” perceptions among recipients with disabilities. The impairment-based work disability assessment for attaining these benefits excludes persons with disabilities from formal employment but does open them to more informal employment. Implications for policy are discussed.

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“…Government, Local Governments, State-Owned Enterprises, and Regional-Owned Enterprises are required to provide job vacancies for people with disabilities at least 2 percent of their total employees. The quota mechanism targets the achievement of some labor recruitment (Agovino et al, 2019;Liao, 2021). The quota policy is an affirmative policy (Buchter, 2020;World Health Organization & World Bank, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing the Policy of People with Disabilities Employment in Government Agencies

Puspitasari¹,

Laksmono

2021

J. Bina Praja

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People with disabilities owned the same right to obtain employment to be civil servants. The government had created plenty of regulations to guarantee the right to obtain a job, starting from statutory regulations and various implementing regulations. However, a few problems in the scope of employment in government agencies still occur during this time, such as unachievable quotas, failure in procurement, and inequality for persons with disabilities. Moreover, it was not following the number of regulations that have been published. Hence, we were interested in analyzing the contents of the civil servant candidate recruitment policy and its implementation in 2017 through 2019 using a normative-empirical juridical approach, which was presented in a descriptive form. The Researchers examined statutory regulations and implementing regulations, supported by interview data from the stakeholders. In terms of content, the laws and regulations accommodated it quite well. Even though there were bad things, such as the Civil Servant Management regulation and technical regulations regarding the needs of employees in 2017 and 2018, that was considered discriminatory. Furthermore, Ministries and local governments have not fully followed the policies as written in the regulations. Briefly, there was an evolution of the regulations year by year; they were yet needed to improve policy content, although the policies continued to evolve for the better.

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The quota system for employment of people with disabilities in China: Policy, practice, barriers, and ways forward

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Good for tech: Disability expertise and labor in China's artificial intelligence sector

Good for tech: Disability expertise and labor in China's artificial intelligence sector

How Disability Income Benefits Affect Employment for Persons with Disabilities in China: An Impairment-Based Work Disability Assessment Perspective

Reviewing the Policy of People with Disabilities Employment in Government Agencies

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