The reactions of chlorine dioxide with inorganic and organic compounds in water treatment: kinetics and mechanisms

Gan, Wenhui; Ge, Yuexian; Zhong, Yu; Yang, Xin

doi:10.1039/d0ew00231c

Cited by 65 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…Phenols react rapidly with ClO2 at rates of 10 3 to 10 8 M -1 S -1 at neutral pH. The reaction rate constants of dissociated phenols with ClO2 are generally around 6 orders of magnitude higher than those of undissolved phenols (Yu et al 2015;Gan et al 2020). Chlorine dioxide may react with the colorless residual phenolic compounds and diffuse into the air in the form of HOCl(g), which may contribute to up to 50% of the total ClO2 consumption (Rougé et al 2018), thus decreasing the bleaching efficiency of the reagents for the chromophoric lignin.…”

Section: Effect Of the Phenolic Compounds On De Bleaching Sequence With Xylanase Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…At ambient temperature, for instance, the solubility in water for catechol, guaiacol, and vanillin that could decrease bleaching efficiency are 450 g/L, 15 g/L, and 10 g/L, respectively, whereas eugenol is insoluble and p-coumaric acid has weak solubility of 1.0 g/L. Although syringic acid has mild solubility of 5.8 g/L, like p-coumaric acid, they are both carboxylic acids, which are generally inactive with ClO2 (Gan et al 2020). The value of the slope of Kappa number over A.C.M.…”

Section: Effect Of the Phenolic Compounds On De Bleaching Sequence With Xylanase Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Syringic acid, eugenol, and p-coumaric acid did not demonstrate clear influence on the bleaching selectivity of D.E. bleaching sequence because acids generally do not react with ClO2, and eugenol is insoluble in the system(Gan et al 2020).…”

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confidence: 90%

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Effects of residual phenolic compounds on xylanase-assisted ClO2 bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp

Hsieh

Liu

et al. 2021

BioRes

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In both pulping and bleaching processes, lignin in the pulp fiber is degraded into smaller molecules that need to be rinsed away. However, despite the installation of automatic washing equipment, the small phenolic compounds among other lignin degradation products can hardly be completely removed from the brownstock. Among the myriad of small phenolic compounds degrading from lignin, some are water-soluble and highly reactive with bleaching reagents. To understand the impact of residual phenolic compounds from black liquor on pulp bleaching, six monomeric phenolic model compounds were tested in this study. Catechol and vanillin showed inhibitory effects on xylanase activity, while catechol, vanillin, and guaiacol interfered with the delignification reaction in the chlorine dioxide (D) and alkaline extraction (E) stages of the bleaching sequence, thereby preserving the integrity of cellulose in the pulp. Because the efficiency of xylanase and bleaching reagents is hindered by the presence of these phenolic compounds, higher operational cost and more bleaching reagents are needed, which are incompatible with modern environmental policies in the world. Nonetheless, the presence of remaining soluble phenolic compounds in the brownstock can improve the bleaching selectivity important for the production of high-quality pulp with less-degraded cellulose chains.

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Section: Effect Of the Phenolic Compounds On De Bleaching Sequence With Xylanase Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Effect Of the Phenolic Compounds On De Bleaching Sequence With Xylanase Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of residual phenolic compounds on xylanase-assisted ClO2 bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp

Hsieh

Liu

et al. 2021

BioRes

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“…Bromate appears to be a possible human carcinogen and is not biodegradable [ 35 ]. On the other hand, chlorine dioxide has an oxidative strength lower than that of chlorine [ 35 ] and its use in disinfection treatments can also lead to the formation of DBPs, including chlorite and chlorate which have a negative impact on human health [ 36 ]. The formation of unhealthy DBPs (e.g., such as aldehydes and halogenated phenols), even if at limited concentrations, cannot be excluded also using high concentration of peracetic acid [ 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfection of Wastewater by UV-Based Treatment for Reuse in a Circular Economy Perspective. Where Are We at?

Collivignarelli

Abbà

Miino

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Among the critical issues that prevent the reuse of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluents in a circular economy perspective, the microbiological component plays a key role causing infections and diseases. To date, the use of conventional chemical oxidants (e.g., chlorine) represent the main applied process for wastewater (WW) disinfection following a series of operational advantages. However, toxicity linked to the production of highly dangerous disinfection by-products (DBPs) has been widely demonstrated. Therefore, in recent years, there is an increasing attention to implement sustainable processes, which can simultaneously guarantee the microbiological quality of the WWs treated and the protection of both humans and the environment. This review focuses on treatments based on ultraviolet radiation (UV) alone or in combination with other processes (sonophotolysis, photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis with both natural and artificial light) without the dosage of chemical oxidants. The strengths of these technologies and the most significant critical issues are reported. To date, the use of synthetic waters in laboratory tests despite real waters, the capital and operative costs and the limited, or absent, experience of full-scale plant management (especially for UV-based combined processes) represent the main limits to their application on a larger scale. Although further in-depth studies are required to ensure full applicability of UV-based combined processes in WWTPs for reuse of their purified effluents, excellent prospects are presented thanks to an absent environmental impact in terms of DBPs formation and excellent disinfection yields of microorganisms (in most cases higher than 3-log reduction).

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“…Chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ), an alternative disinfectant to chlorine, has been widely used to control a number of waterborne pathogens in water and wastewater treatment (AWWA Water Quality Division 2000 ; Sobsey 1989 ). Compared with chlorine, ClO 2 greatly reduces the generation of toxic halogenated disinfection products (Chang et al 2000 ; Korn et al 2002 ; Zhong et al 2019 ), and chlorite and chlorate are the major ClO 2 byproducts (Gan et al 2020 ; Schmidt et al 2000 ; Sorlini et al 2014 ). ClO 2 has a superior inactivation ability on bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (Huang et al 1996 ), viruses such as poliovirus and adenovirus (Huang et al 1997 ), fungi such as Penicillium chrysogenum and Stachybotrys chartarum (Wilson et al 2005 ) and protists such as Cryptosporidium parvum (Chauret et al 2001 ; Korich et al 1990 ) and Giardia intestinalis (Winiecka-Krusnell and Linder 1998 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and Mechanisms of Virus Inactivation by Chlorine Dioxide in Water Treatment: A Review

Zhang

Shu

et al. 2021

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

Self Cite

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Chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ), an alternative disinfectant to chlorine, has been widely applied in water and wastewater disinfection. This paper aims at presenting an overview of the inactivation kinetics and mechanisms of ClO 2 with viruses. The inactivation efficiencies vary greatly among different virus species. The inactivation rates for different serotypes within a family of viruses can differ by over 284%. Generally, to achieve a 4-log removal, the exposure doses, also being referred to as Ct values (mutiplying the concentration of ClO 2 and contact time) vary in the range of 0.06–10 mg L −1 min. Inactivation kinetics of viruses show two phases: an initial rapid inactivation phase followed by a tailing phase. Inactivation rates of viruses increase as pH or temperature increases, but show different trends with increasing concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Both damages in viral proteins and in the 5′ noncoding region within the genome contribute to virus inactivation upon ClO 2 disinfection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00128-021-03137-3.

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The reactions of chlorine dioxide with inorganic and organic compounds in water treatment: kinetics and mechanisms

Abstract: Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), as an alternative to chlorine, has been widely applied in water treatment. In order to better understand the performance of ClO2 in water treatment, the kinetics and...

Cited by 65 publications

References 163 publications

Effects of residual phenolic compounds on xylanase-assisted ClO2 bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp

Effects of residual phenolic compounds on xylanase-assisted ClO2 bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp

Disinfection of Wastewater by UV-Based Treatment for Reuse in a Circular Economy Perspective. Where Are We at?

Kinetics and Mechanisms of Virus Inactivation by Chlorine Dioxide in Water Treatment: A Review

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