The regional approach to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction

Marine science and technology transfer: Can the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission advance governance of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction?

“…Regional cooperation strengthens the governance of biodiversity in ABNJ (Rochette et al, 2014). Regional scientific cooperation is particularly important in Southern Hemisphere ABNJ where marine research capacity is least (Bernal and Simcock, 2016) and biological sampling gaps are greatest (German et al, 2011 …”

Regional oceans governance mechanisms: A review

“…[Insert Table 1] The mandates of the Regional Seas programmes cover the protection and management of the regional marine environment in the broad sense -which includes the prevention and elimination of the pollution and the conservation of marine biodiversity -and apply mostly to the coastal State maritime zones of Contracting Parties 4 [12]. Regional Seas programmes generally have an Action Plan which serves as the basis for regional cooperation.…”

“…For instance, the Coordinating Body on the Seas of East Asia (COBSEA)'s "financial situation continues to be critical: the core expenditures of the Secretariat are larger than that of the annual income from countries contributions to the Trust Fund and UNEP, as an interim emergency measure, pays for the difference". 12 Similarly difficult financial situations are met e.g. in the Mediterranean, Caribbean and Western Indian Ocean regional systems.…”

Marine complex adaptive systems : theory, legislation and management practices

“…Several analyses have been conducted in literature, investigating both the international (Kimball, 2001;Gjerde et al, 2008;Freestone, 2011;Gjerde et al, 2013;Ban et al, 2014;Rochette et al, 2014;Warner et al, 2014;Mahon et al, 2015) and EU (Nixon et al, 1996;Borja et al, 2008;De Santo, 2010) legal frameworks for the protection of the marine environment. However, none of them evaluated these legal frameworks from the perspective of complex adaptive systems, resilience and social-ecological systems.…”

“…There are several analyses in the literature, investigating this fragmentation from different perspectives (Kimball, 2001;Gjerde et al, 2008;Freestone, 2011;Gjerde et al, 2013;Ban et al, 2014;Rochette et al, 2014;Warner et al, 2014;Mahon et al, 2016). However, an analysis is missing of the international legal framework for the management of the global oceans system, from the perspective of complex human and ecological systems.…”