The regulation of adrenocortical function by control of growth and structure

Hornsby, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-407-02275-1.50006-5

Cited by 49 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Complete absence of hybridization signal of P-45017~ in zona glomerulosa of the adrenal directly confirms the absence of 17a-hydroxylase activity in glomerulosa cells (24), which is also consistent with immunohistochemical findings (8). These studies clearly demonstrated that P-45017a, which is involved in cortisol and androgen biosynthesis but not in aldosterone production, is not expressed at all in the zone glomerulosa of the adrenal gland.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of P-45017 alpha (17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase).

Suzuki

Sasano²,

Sawai³

et al. 1992

J Histochem Cytochem.

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Cytochrome P45017~ catalyzes both 17a-hydro~~btion and 17,204de-chain cleavage in steroidogenesis and lies at a key branch point in the pathways of steroid hormone biosynthesis. To obtain information on the precise localization of P45017a in swine testis, ovary, and adrenal, we undertook the simultaneous detection Of P45017a mRNA and prottin by combining immunohistochemistry with in situ hybridization. In situ hybridization was performed on 4% paraformaldehyde-bed, paraf6n-embedded sections by employing either a 39-base oligomer or a cDNA insert (1.7 -) of porcine testis U5017a as DNA probe. Immunohistochemi d study was performed by employing anti-P45017a. Hybridization signals were obtained in Leydig cells of the testis, theca intern? of the Cnvian follicle, and zona fasciculata reticularis cells of the adrenal cortex. Oligonucleotide probing yielded lower background signal than the DNA probe. No specific signals were obtained in seminiferous tubules of the testis, medulla, and zona glomerulosa of the adrenal, and in membrana granulasa and interstitial cells of the ovary. Hybridization signals were obtained in the cells where immunoreactivity of the enzyme was observed by immunohistochemistry, except for some Leydig cells of the testis and theca interna cells of the ovary in which only immunoreactivity but not hybridization signal was observed. The present study provided detailed information about the precise cellular localization of P45017a expression at both the protein and mRNA levels in swine adrenal glands and gonads. IntroductionIn the steroid biosynthetic pathways of testes, ovaries, and adrenals, 17a-hydroxylase catalyzes the conversion of pregnenolone to 17-hydroxypregnenolone and that of progesterone to 17-hydroxyprogesterone. 17-Hydroxypregnenolone is then converted by 17,20-lyase to dehydroepiandrosterone. Although 17a-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities are two distinct biochemical reactions, studies in guinea pig (1) and in swine adrenals (2) and testis (3) have shown that both activities reside in a single specific microsomal cytochrome P-450 (P-45017a). Therefore, P-45017~ lies at a very important branch point in the entire system of steroid hormone biosynthesis, i.e., bemen glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid biosynthesis and between glucocorticoid and androgen biosynthesis. P-45017a is expressed in the testis, ovary, and adrenal gland, but it is also important to know its precise localization for a better understanding of steroid metabolism. For this purpose, techniques directed towards illustrating the enzymes specifically involved in steroidogenesis, especially immunolocalization ofsteroidogenic enzymes, are at present considered as a better method than conventional morphological examination, including electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry of steroid hormones themselves (4-10). Recently, cDNA encoding swine testis P-45017a has been characterized and oligonucleotide probes suitable for in situ hybridization were synthesized (11). In this study, we have further pursued localization...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of P-45017 alpha (17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase).

Suzuki

Sasano²,

Sawai³

et al. 1992

J Histochem Cytochem.

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“…The patient serum that reacted weakly in this test with the 17a-hydroxylase displayed much stronger reactivity towards the bacterially produced SCC and did not react with 17a-hydroxylase but only with SCC in lysates from a [35S ] methionine-labeled adrenocortical cell line. With indirect immunofluorescence, the APS I sera in the present study identified the zona glomerulosa, a cell layer that does not display any 17a-hydroxylase activity (27,28), or immunoreactivity (29). Furthermore, the APS I sera also stained the rat adrenal cortex, which is known to lack 17a-hydroxylase (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two different cytochrome P450 enzymes are the adrenal antigens in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I and Addison's disease.

Winqvist¹,

Gustafsson²,

Rorsman³

et al. 1993

J. Clin. Invest.

181

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“…In the bovine adrenal, the junctional medulla is com posed largely of adrenaline-producing cells [pers. commun., Chubb] while the inner cortical zone (zona reticula ris) is a zone of both glucocorticoid and adrenal androgen steroid synthesis [12]. Considerable evidence exists for the control by glucocorticoids of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyses the N-methylation of noradrenaline to form adrenaline [6,28]; Ungar and Phi lips [24] have postulated that they have a direct effect on adrenaline output as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innervation of the Sheep Adrenal Cortex: An Immunohistochemical Study with Rat Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor Antiserum

Rundle

Canny²,

Robinson³

et al. 1988

Neuroendocrinology

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Using indirect immunohistochemistry and an antiserum raised against rat corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) we have outlined an asymmetric network of cells and varicose fibers in sheep adrenal cortex. This network was not associated with the larger splanchnic nerves, but was occasionally found in small bundles or with blood vessels; in most instances fibers were found weaving independently through cortical parenchyma. A plexus of fibers was found in the zona reticularis, with a few fibers ramifying into adjacent medulla. Uni or bipolar cells were found throughout the cortex, with the greatest frequency at the corticomedullary junction; a multipolar-type cell was also found in this area. Staining of varicose structures and most cells was abolished by incubation with excess rat CRF 1–41, but not by ovine CRF or a range of other peptides. Though the immunoreactive species has not as yet been identified, it may thus share homology withsequences present in rat but not ovine CRF.

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The regulation of adrenocortical function by control of growth and structure

Cited by 49 publications

References 158 publications

Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of P-45017 alpha (17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase).

Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of P-45017 alpha (17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase).

Two different cytochrome P450 enzymes are the adrenal antigens in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I and Addison's disease.

Innervation of the Sheep Adrenal Cortex: An Immunohistochemical Study with Rat Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor Antiserum

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