The Regulation of Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

Chung, Yuhee; Choe, Sung Sik

doi:10.1080/07352689.2013.797856

Cited by 107 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…When BR signaling is activated, the dephosphorylated (i.e., active) form of BZR1 binds to the promotor sequence of BR synthetic genes to repress their transcription. This mechanism is known as negative feedback downregulation of BR biosynthetic genes [4, 24]. In this way, BL treatments reduce the expression of DWF4 , CPD , and BR6ox2 while Pcz application has the opposite effect since it reduce BR levels [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A family of enzymes belonging to Cytochrome P450s mediates most of the steps of BR biosynthesis, and characterization of mutants defective in these enzymes contributed to the understanding of BR biology [4, 5]. Various approaches have established the components and mechanisms of the BR signaling pathway; once BR binds to the receptor kinase, BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1), transmits the signal to downstream genes, eventually leading to the repression or activation of BR responsive genes [6, 7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of brassinosteroid genes in Brachypodium distachyon

Corvalán

Choe

2017

BMC Plant Biol

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BackgroundBrassinosteroids (BRs) are steroidal phytohormones that are involved in diverse physiological processes and affect many important traits, such as plant stature, stress tolerance, leaf angle, fertility, and grain filling. BR signaling and biosynthetic pathways have been studied in various plants, such as the model dicot Arabidopsis thaliana; however, relatively little is known about these pathways in monocots.ResultsTo characterize BR-related processes in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon, we studied the response of these plants to the specific BR biosynthesis inhibitor, propiconazole (Pcz). We found that treatments with Pcz produced a dwarf phenotype in B. distachyon seedlings, similar to that observed in Pcz-treated Arabidopsis plants and in characterized BR-deficient mutants. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified a list of putative homologs of genes known to be involved in BR biosynthesis and signaling in Arabidopsis, such as DWF4, BR6OX2, CPD, BRI1, and BIN2. Evaluating the response of these genes to Pcz treatments revealed that candidates for BdDWF4, BR6OX2 and, CPD were under feedback regulation. In addition, Arabidopsis plants heterologously expressing BdDWF4 displayed tall statures and elongated petioles, as would be expected in plants with elevated levels of BRs. Moreover, heterologous expression of BdBIN2 in Arabidopsis resulted in dwarfism, suggesting that BdBIN2 functions as a negative regulator of BR signaling. However, the dwarf phenotypes of Arabidopsis bri1-5, a weak BRI1 mutant allele, were not complemented by overexpression of BdBRI1, indicating that BdBRI1 and BRI1 are not functionally equivalent.ConclusionWe identified components of the BR biosynthetic and signaling pathways in Brachypodium, and provided examples of both similarities and differences in the BR biology of these two plants. Our results suggest a framework for understanding BR biology in monocot crop plants such as Zea mays (maize) and Oryza sativa (rice).Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0965-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of brassinosteroid genes in Brachypodium distachyon

Corvalán

Choe

2017

BMC Plant Biol

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“…Moreover, they observed that the presence and content of different BRs in wheat seedlings depended on the plant tissue (different BRs levels in various leaves; Janeczko and Swaczynova 2010). Castasterone is a product of brassinosteroid biosynthesis from campesterol that may be oxidized in various pathways depending on the stimulated genes (Chung and Choe 2013). This BR was indicated as a precursor of brassinolide, the most oxidized, and the most biologically active form among BRs (Suzuki and others 1993;Kim and others 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

24-Epibrassinolide as a Modifier of Antioxidant Activities and Membrane Properties of Wheat Cells in Zearalenone Stress Conditions

Filek

Sieprawska

Oklešťková

et al. 2018

J Plant Growth Regul

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The mechanism of action of brassinosteroids (BRs) in plant cells under stress has not been fully explained, despite ample evidence of their protective effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of physicochemical properties of cell membranes during an interaction with BRs under stress conditions induced by a mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA). Experiments were performed in in vitro cultures of wheat cells obtained from immature embryos of tolerant and sensitive genotypes. ZEA added to media (30 µM) accumulated in greater amounts in the cells of sensitive wheat, contrary to BRs, which accumulated in greater amounts by the tolerant genotype when added to media at 0.1 µM. Incorporation of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) stimulated synthesis of casta-and homocastasterone, that is, endogenous BRs present in wheat cells, and enhanced the content of homocastasterone. When the cultures were supplemented with the mixture of ZEA and EBR, castasterone synthesis was stimulated to a higher degree in cells of the sensitive plant. EBR and ZEA added separately activated antioxidant enzyme systems in both genotypes but with preference for the sensitive one. In the cells treated with ZEA + EBR, the activation was close to that observed for EBR alone. The study discussed also the role of membrane permeability, electrokinetic potential changes, and structural properties of native (plasmalemma) and model (DOPC) monolayers in the mechanism of EBR-induced protection, including the possibility of replacing ZEA absorbed in the membrane lipid layers by BR molecules, independently of the activation of the antioxidant system.

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“…The effects of brassinosteroids are pleiotropic (Javid et al 2011a , b ). Plant varieties, which are lacking BR biosynthesis and signaling, are scrubby, with short hypocotyls, stems, and dark green leaves, and delayed aging is observed (Chung and Choe 2013 ).…”

Section: Brassinosteroids In Physiological Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participation of Phytohormones in Adaptation to Salt Stress

Waśkiewicz

Gładysz

Goliński

2016

Plant Hormones Under Challenging Environmental Factors

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Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting productivity and quality of agricultural crops. The adverse effects concern germination, plant vigor, and crop yield in arid and semiarid regions. Most crops are salinity sensitive or even hypersensitive and they are described as glycophytes. In contrast, high salinity is tolerated by halophytes, which are present in very small numbers, accounting for approx. only 1 % of the world's fl ora. Glycophytes develop some adaptation mechanisms to monitor salt stress and regulate plant physiology and metabolism in order to cope with this stress. Phytohormones are recognized as vital agents in the adaptation process during salt stress. Plant hormones including abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, and the others can regulate that cross talk and responses to salt stress. Molecules, such as transcription factors and MAP kinases, are main agents involved in stress signaling pathways and phytohormone cross talk. This chapter provides an explanation of the salt stress mechanism, while salt stress tolerance and the roles of different plant hormones are presented. The effects of endogenous and exogenous phytohormones on adaptation to salt stress are characterized.

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The Regulation of Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

Cited by 107 publications

References 102 publications

Identification of brassinosteroid genes in Brachypodium distachyon

Identification of brassinosteroid genes in Brachypodium distachyon

24-Epibrassinolide as a Modifier of Antioxidant Activities and Membrane Properties of Wheat Cells in Zearalenone Stress Conditions

Participation of Phytohormones in Adaptation to Salt Stress

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