The Regulation of the Cellular Functions of Ca2+

Carafoli, Ernesto

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-135302-5.50007-9

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 210 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the cell interior, the total concentration of calcium varies and may be as high as in the extracellular fluid [11]. However, the ionised calcium concentration in the cytoplasm is at least 1000 times lower than in extracellular fluid, ranging from 0.13 to 1.3 µmol.l −1 [12]. It is maintained at this low level as the cell membrane permeability to Ca 2+ is low and because cells have powerful mechanisms for extrusion, sequestration and buffering of calcium.…”

Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium and the anaesthetist

Aguilera¹,

Vaughan

2000

Anaesthesia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryCalcium plays a central role in a large number of physiological actions that are essential for life. It is important therefore that the anaesthetist understands calcium pathophysiology. In this review, the physiology, regulation, clinical features, causes and treatment of alterations in circulating calcium will be discussed. In addition, the effects that acid±base status, massive blood transfusion and cardiopulmonary bypass may have on circulating calcium will be highlighted. Finally, the role that calcium plays in ischaemic/reperfusion injury and myocardial stunning will be summarised.

show abstract

Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium and the anaesthetist

Aguilera¹,

Vaughan

2000

Anaesthesia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cytosolic β-arrestin binding to CaR and GRK-phosphorylated GPCRs sterically impedes the interaction of G-proteins with activated GPCRs, resulting in GPCR signaling termination. β-arrestin 2, can be S-nitrosylated on cysteine 410 by endogenous NO and S-nitrosogluthathione, which promotes binding of β-arrestin 2 to clathrin heavy chain/ β-adaptin, thereby accelerating receptor internalization and induces vasorelaxation [67][68][69][70].…”

Section: The Major Proposed Mechanisms Of Vasodilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

"The Physiological Mechanism of Extracellular Calcium- Sensing Receptor Action in the Regulation of Vascular Tone and Blood Pressure"

Melaku

2023

BJSTR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the adult human body. The free ionized calcium (Ca 2+ ) is responsible for a variety of physiological processes and tightly maintained mainly by action of calciotropic hormones and other nutrients. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR/CaR) is a cell-surface receptor that responds to, or "senses," extracellular Ca 2+ concentrations in parathyroid, kidney and other tissues. The aim of the review is to get into the fine details of physiologic mechanisms responsible for extracellular calcium-sensing receptor actions in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure.Method: Studies were accessed through an electronic web-based search strategy from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL by using a combination of search terms.Results/Discussion: The central role of the CaR is the regulation of calcium homeostasis, but it is also expressed in non-calciotropic tissues. It is well known that calcium is an important second messenger and regulator of vascular contractility. An increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i) in endothelium or in VSMCs exerts opposing influences on blood vessel diameter. Ca 2+ is also an extracellular first messenger and binding of Ca 2+ to CaR mediate biphasic effects with an initial endothelium-independent vasoconstrictions followed by endothelium-dependent relaxations. The vascular endothelium CaR activation mostly results in an activation of the G proteins (G q /11). In parallel, CaR also activates PI4K and carries out the first step in inositol lipids biosynthesis. Endothelial calcium ''waves'' and "puffs" is an initial step required for endothelium-dependent vasorelaxations. The myoendothelial gap junctions have also a major role in electrical spread of hyperpolarization from the ECs to the VMSCs. Furthermore, the main source of NO• in the vasculature is the microvascular endothelium and contribute to cGMP activation in VMSCs and influence vascular reactivity.Conclusion/Perspectives: it is not surprising that CaR is involved in the regulation of such diverse processes as hormone secretion, gene expression, ion channel activity, modulation of inflammation, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.

show abstract

“…Calcium plays a crucial role in the regulation of many biologically important processes (1). Therefore, the concentration of free cytosolic calcium is tightly regulated.…”

Section: Early Disturbance Of Calcium Translocation Across the Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Early disturbance of calcium translocation across the plasma membrane in toxic liver injury

Lauterburg

1987

Hepatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An increased influx and/or a decreased extrusion of calcium across the plasma membrane resulting in an increase in cytosolic-free calcium could play an important role in the initiation of irreversible cell injury. Therefore, the translocation of calcium across the plasma membrane was probed in the perfused rat liver using multiple indicator dilution methodology. The sucrose space corresponding to the extracellular space amounted to 0.35 +/- 0.13 ml per gm liver, and the water space corresponding to the extra- and intracellular spaces was 0.97 +/- 0.08 ml per gm. The calcium space was always slightly larger (0.42 +/- 0.10 ml per gm) than the sucrose space. The calcium space further increased during perfusion with the calcium ionophore A 23187, whereas the sucrose space remained unchanged. Two hours after administration to intact rats of acetaminophen (2 gm per kg) and carbon tetrachloride (2 ml per kg), respectively, the calcium space had increased markedly relative to the sucrose space and relative to the water space, indicating an increased accessibility of the cells to extracellular calcium. Similarly, reperfusion of livers after 90 min of ischemia was associated with an increase in calcium space relative to the sucrose and water spaces. These studies indicate that, in three models of acute liver injury, the net influx of calcium across the plasma membrane is increased early in the evolution of the injury before irreversible damage occurs.

show abstract

The Regulation of the Cellular Functions of Ca2+

Cited by 6 publications

References 210 publications

Calcium and the anaesthetist

Calcium and the anaesthetist

"The Physiological Mechanism of Extracellular Calcium- Sensing Receptor Action in the Regulation of Vascular Tone and Blood Pressure"

Early disturbance of calcium translocation across the plasma membrane in toxic liver injury

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About