The Regulation of the Thyroid-stimulating Hormone of the Anterior Pituitary Gland by Thyroid Hormone and by 9-Cis-Retinoic Acid

Wolf, George

doi:10.1301/00296640260385919

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones involve iodine, enzymes, and proteins and are also influenced by micronutrients and vitamins (9). VA takes part in the uptake of iodine while its deficiency impairs the synthesis of thyroglobulin and reduces the uptake of thyroidal iodine (31,32). Animals studies also found that thyroid of VA deficient rats took up less radioiodide than thyroid of control rats (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Vitamin A and Thyroid Function in Individuals With Obesity and After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

Yang

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) occurs in obesity and may be associated with thyroid dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the association of VA with thyroid function in obesity and after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Nine hundred and seventy-six obese subjects were enrolled for this study and were divided into VAD, marginal vitamin A deficiency (MVAD), and vitamin A normal (NVA) groups. VAD was defined as VA ≤ 200 ng/ml, MVAD was defined as VA > 200 but <300 ng/ml, and NVA was defined as VA ≥ 300 ng/ml. Thyroid function was compared among groups and the relationship of VA and thyroid function was analyzed. Two hundred and forty-four of the 976 obese subjects underwent LSG, and the change in thyroid function and VA at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery was measured. Results showed that 37% of all the subjects had subclinical hypothyroidism (SH), and the SH group had lower VA levels than the non-SH group (P = 0.008). Forty-nine percent of all the subjects had MVAD, 9% had VAD, while the MVAD or VAD group had lower FT4 than the NVA group (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001). The VAD group also had higher TSH than NVA group (P = 0.037). VA was significantly negatively associated with TSH (r = −0.151, P = 0.006) and positively associated with FT4 (r = 0.228, P < 0.001). TSH was significantly decreased at 3, 6, and 12 months (3M: from 4.43 ± 2.70 to 2.63 ± 1.46 mU/l, P < 0.001; 6M: from 4.43 ± 2.70 to 3.84 ± 2.34 mU/l, P = 0.041; 12M: from 4.43 ± 2.70 to 2.85 ± 1.68 mU/l, P = 0.024). After LSG surgery, VA levels were slightly increased, when compared to pre-surgery levels, at 3, 6, and 12 months (3M: from 262.57 ± 68.19 to 410.33 ± 76.55 ng/ml, P = 0.065; 6M: from 262.57 ± 68.19 to 281.36 ± 93.23 ng/ml, P = 0.343; 12M: from 262.57 ± 68.19 to 300.37 ± 86.03 ng/ml, P = 0.083). SH group also had lower TSH and higher VA than the non-SH group at 3 months post-surgery [TSH: −1.4(−2.3, −0.3) vs. −0.2(−0.8, −0.2) mU/l, P < 0.001; VA: 163.99 ± 32.58 vs. 121.69 ± 27.59 ng/ml, P = 0.044]. In conclusion VA, which is related to thyroid hormone production, protects against thyroid dysfunction in obese subjects. The improvement of thyroid function in subjects with SH after LSG may be related to the increased VA levels observed post-surgery.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT04548232.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Vitamin A and Thyroid Function in Individuals With Obesity and After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

Yang

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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“…It can be suggested that after conversion to vitamin A, carotenoids influenced the production of thyroid gland hormones. There are some research showing that vitamin A level modulates thyroid gland metabolism [ 51 ] and that peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormone is necessary for the production of T4 [ 52 ] and of thyrotropin or TSH by pituitary [ 53 ]. It is known that thyroxin (T4) is a pro-hormone that must be converted to triiodothyronine, which takes place in the liver and kidney.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Carrot Enriched in Iodine through Soil Fertilization on Iodine Concentration and Selected Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats

et al. 2016

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Iodine is one of the trace elements which are essential for mammalian life. The major objective of iodine biofortification of plants is to obtain food rich in this trace element, which may increase its consumption by various populations. Additionally, it may reduce the risk of iodine deficiency diseases. In this research for the first time we have assessed the bioavailability of iodine from raw or cooked carrot biofortified with this trace element on iodine concentration in selected tissues and various biochemical parameters as well as mRNA expression of some genes involved in iodine metabolism in Wistar rats. Statistically, a significantly higher iodine level was determined in urine, faeces and selected tissues of rats fed a diet containing biofortified raw carrot as compared to a diet without iodine and a diet containing control cooked carrot. Biofortified raw carrot significantly increased triiodothyronine concentration as compared to animals from other experimental groups. The highest thyroid stimulating hormone level was determined in rats fed control cooked carrots. mRNA expression of selected genes was affected by different dietary treatment in rats’ hearts. Biofortified raw and cooked carrot could be taken into account as a potential source of iodine in daily diets to prevent iodine deficiency in various populations.

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“…Hormonal regulation of TH synthesis involves stimulation by thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus to synthesize TSH from the pituitary anterior pituitary gland (Wolf, 2002). TSH is regulated through TR homodimer of heterodimerization with 9- cis -retinoic acid-activated retinoid X receptor binding to the TSH gene, thereby regulating the expression of the TSH gene (Wolf, 2002).…”

Section: Hormonal Regulation Of Thyroid Hormone Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TSH is regulated through TR homodimer of heterodimerization with 9- cis -retinoic acid-activated retinoid X receptor binding to the TSH gene, thereby regulating the expression of the TSH gene (Wolf, 2002). TSH stimulates thyroglobulin hydrolysis and increase of iodine metabolism leading to the secretion of THs from the thyroid gland (Yen, 2001).…”

Section: Hormonal Regulation Of Thyroid Hormone Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracrine Interactions of Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Stimulation Hormone in the Female Reproductive Tract have an Impact on Female Fertility

Evers¹

2012

Front. Endocrin.

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Thyroid disease often causes menstrual disturbances and infertility problems. Thyroid hormone (TH) acts through its receptors, transcription factors present in most cell types in the body. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates TH synthesis in the thyroid gland, but seems to have other functions as well in the female reproductive tract. The receptors of both TH and TSH increase in the receptive endometrium, suggesting that they are important for implantation, possible by influencing inflammatory mediators such as leukemia inhibitory factor. The roles of these receptors in the ovary need further studies. However, it is likely that the thyroid system is important for both follicular and embryo development. The association between thyroid disease and infertility indicate that TH and TSH affect the endometrium and ovary on the paracrine level.

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The Regulation of the Thyroid-stimulating Hormone of the Anterior Pituitary Gland by Thyroid Hormone and by 9-Cis-Retinoic Acid

Cited by 28 publications

References 10 publications

Relationship of Vitamin A and Thyroid Function in Individuals With Obesity and After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

Relationship of Vitamin A and Thyroid Function in Individuals With Obesity and After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

The Impact of Carrot Enriched in Iodine through Soil Fertilization on Iodine Concentration and Selected Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats

Paracrine Interactions of Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Stimulation Hormone in the Female Reproductive Tract have an Impact on Female Fertility

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