The relation of eye movements, body motility, and external stimuli to dream content.

Dement, William C.; Wolpert, Edward A.

doi:10.1037/h0040031

Cited by 341 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…More recently, Lorens and Darrow (1962) found eye movements to be a consistent occurrence during mental multiplication and attributed them to visual imagery, and Aserinsky and Kleitman (1955) observed rapid eye movements occurring in cyclic clusters during sleep in adults and believed them to be involved in visual imagery during day dreaming. In subsequent studies (Dement and Kleitman, 1957;and Dement and Wolpert, 1958), evidence was presented to support the hypothesis that the rapid eye movements correspond to…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Visuo-spatial Working Memory

Logie

2014

314

157

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Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Visuo-spatial Working Memory

Logie

2014

314

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Freud reasoned that the dream could not have been composed with such rapidity, an assumption which now is experimentally supported (Dement and Kleitman, 1957). Dement and Wolpert (1958) were able to show that stimulation during sleep did not initiate dreams. Various forms of stimulation were used such as drops of water, a pure tone and a bright light.…”

Section: Stimulation During ~mentioning

confidence: 97%

A methodological study of the effect of experimentally induced demand characteristics in research on nocturnal dreams.

Stern¹,

Saayman²,

Touyz³

1978

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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This experiment tested the hypothesis that demand characteristics may influence dream content. Laboratory and home dreams were collected from 12 subjects allocated to two matched groups. The independent variable, a simple form, was administered to each group and requested that the subjects in the respective groups pay special attention to either the outdoor-nature or urban settings of their nocturnal dreams. The subjects did not consciously construe these forms as representing an attempt to influence their dreams. Nevertheless, in the treatment condition, the dream settings of both groups changed significantly in the predicted direction, as assessed by two quantitative indices. The implications of these findings are discussed with reference to laboratory dream research.

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“…Asimismo se observó la coincidencia de salvas de MORs de gran amplitud con sueños de contenido emocional intenso, es decir, sueños angustiantes, vívidos, con mayor número de personajes, escenas e historias elaboradas. [12][13][14] También se relacionó la aparición de los sueños con modificaciones de la resistencia eléctrica de la piel y con cambios repentinos de las frecuencias cardíaca y respiratoria.…”

Section: El Descubrimiento Del Sueño Mor En El Hombreunclassified

El origen y las funciones de los sueños a partir de los potenciales PGO

Ramírez‐Salado¹,

Cruz‐Aguilar²

2014

Salud Ment

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SUMMARYUnderstanding the phenomenon of sleep and dreams has fascinated humans always. However, the scientific study of sleep is relatively recent. In 1953, Aserinsky and Kleitman found that slow wave sleep (SWS) was periodically interrupted by episodes of rapid EEG activity, which are accompanied by rapid eye movements (REMs), and named this sleep phase as REM sleep. Subsequently, in 1957, Dement and Kleitman discovered that these rapid eye movements coincided with the appearance of dreams. By using animal experimental models, the subcortical mechanisms underlying REM sleep have been studied, and it has been demonstrated that this activity depends on the serotonergic activity from wakefulness, which promotes the formation of peptides that trigger certain structures of the brainstem, where cholinergic mechanisms of REM sleep are integrated. In turn, on the pontine region monophasic phasic potentials (300-400 µV) are generated that can also be recorded on the lateral geniculate body and in the occipital cortex; hence the name of ponto-geniculo-occipital waves (PGO). These potentials spread to the oculomotor system to provoke the REMs of REM sleep and possibly give rise to visual hallucinatory phenomena. Furthermore, it has been shown that certain limbic structures related to emotion and memory are activated by these potentials. This suggests that PGO waves generate mnemonic and emotional components of dreams. Several aspects of the functions of these PGO waves remains to be determined, but knowledge about the origin of brain phenomena that generate dreams has had a breakthrough from its study. In the present work we review the literature concerning the work done over PGO waves and its contribution to the knowledge of the origin and functions of dreams.Key words: Dreams, PGO, consciousness. RESUMENEl fenómeno del sueño y de los sueños es algo que siempre ha fascinado al hombre. Sin embargo, el estudio científico del sueño es relativamente reciente. En 1953, Aserinsky y Kleitman encontraron que el sueño de ondas lentas (SOL) es interrumpido periódicamente por episodios de actividad EEG rápida, que se acompañan de movimientos oculares rá-pidos (MORs), y denominaron a esta fase "sueño MOR". Posteriormente, Dement y Kleitman, en 1957, descubrieron que estos movimientos oculares rápidos coinciden con la aparición de los sueños. Utilizando animales de experimentación se han estudiado los mecanismos subcorticales que subyacen al sueño MOR y se ha demostrado que éste depende de una actividad serotoninérgica de la vigilia, que promueve la formación de péptidos que ponen en marcha ciertas estructuras de la región pontina del tallo cerebral en donde se integran los mecanismos colinérgicos del sueño MOR. En la región pontina, a su vez, se generan potenciales monofásicos de alto voltaje (300-400 µV) que también pueden registrarse en el cuerpo geniculado lateral y en la corteza occipital, de allí el nombre de potenciales ponto-genículo-occipitales (PGO). Estos potenciales se propagan hacia el sistema oculomotor para provocar los...

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The relation of eye movements, body motility, and external stimuli to dream content.

Cited by 341 publications

References 10 publications

Visuo-spatial Working Memory

Visuo-spatial Working Memory

A methodological study of the effect of experimentally induced demand characteristics in research on nocturnal dreams.

El origen y las funciones de los sueños a partir de los potenciales PGO

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