The relation of suspended to bed material in rivers

Lane, E. W.; Kalinske, A. A.

doi:10.1029/tr020i004p00637

Cited by 61 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Circulation and viscosity are imperative parameters of the analysis. Lane and Kalinske (1939) stressed on turbulence for the determination of lift and assumed that: (a) particles that have a settling velocity smaller than the instantaneous vertical velocity fluctuations in the vicinity of the bed experience lift; (b) the velocity fluctuations vary following the normal-error law; and (c) the velocity fluctuations and shear velocities are correlated. White (1940) carried out a single experiment and found that the lift on an individual particle is very small compared to its weight.…”

Section: Lift Force Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment threshold under stream flow: A state-of-the-art review

Dey

Papanicolaou

2008

KSCE J Civ Eng

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The doctoral research of Albert Frank Shields on sediment movement conducted in Technischen Hochshcule Berlin becomes a legend that is most often referred by many authors and has initiated a sizable number of researches over last seven decades. The Shields diagram is famous due to its application in ascertaining the threshold of sediment motion that is an essential prerequisite for the estimation of sediment transport in an alluvial stream. Since his pioneering work, numerous attempts have so far been made to study the sediment threshold both experimentally and theoretically. This paper presents a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of the important laboratory experimental and theoretical investigations on sediment threshold under steady stream flow highlighting the empirical concepts, hydrodynamic background and the mathematical treatment of the problem. The role of the turbulent bursting on sediment threshold is also discussed.

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Section: Lift Force Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment threshold under stream flow: A state-of-the-art review

Dey

Papanicolaou

2008

KSCE J Civ Eng

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“…(I) are transported as bed load, those with smaller w~ values move in suspension. Various values of the critical k have been used: k = 1.00 (Lane and Kalinske, 1939;Inman, 1949;Francis, 1973: Middleton, 1976, k = 1.20 (Einstein, 1950), k = 1.25 (Bagnold, 1966) and k = 1.79 (McCave, 1971). This range of k values is in part due to the rather arbitrary nature of the distinction between bed load and suspension transport.…”

Section: Bed-load Versus Suspension Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modes of sediment transport in channelized water flows with ramifications to the erosion of the Martian outflow channels

Komar

1980

Icarus

150

141

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Depending on their grain sizes (settling velocities), sediments are transported in rivers as bed load, in suspension, or as wash load. The coarsest material rolls or bounces along the bottom as bed load whereas finer material is placed into suspension by the water turbulence. The finest sediments are transported as wash load. evenly distributed through the water depth and effectively moving at the same rate as the water. The criteria for quantitatively determining which grain-size ranges are being transported in terrestrial rivers as bed load, suspended load and wash load are applied to an analysis of sediment transport in the large Martian outflow channels, assuming their origin to have been from water flow. Of importance is the balance of the effects of the reduced Martian gravity on the water flow velocity versus the reduction in grain settling velocities. Analyses were performed using grain densities ranging from 2.90 g/cm ' (basalt) to 1.20 g/cm a (volcanic ash). The results show that the Martian flows could have transported cobbles in suspension and that nearly all sandsize material and finer would have been transported as wash load. Wash-load transport requires little or no net expenditure of the water-flow power, so the sands and finer could have been carried in nearly unlimited quantities. A comparison with terrestrial rivers indicates that concentrations as high as 60-70% by weight of wash-load sediment could have prevailed in the Martian flows, resulting in the very rapid erosion of the channels.

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“…The deficiency concerns the relationship of y to characteristics of the sediment, the flow and the bed. There are semiempirical relationships, such as that of Lane and Kalinske (1939), for predicting the conditions necessary for entrainment. However, none of them are capable of predicting in a probabilistic sense how long a particle will remain on the bed before it is entrained.…”

Section: -E -Ytmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion of mass in open-channel flow

Sayre¹

1967

Open-File Report

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The relation of suspended to bed material in rivers

Cited by 61 publications

References 4 publications

Sediment threshold under stream flow: A state-of-the-art review

Sediment threshold under stream flow: A state-of-the-art review

Modes of sediment transport in channelized water flows with ramifications to the erosion of the Martian outflow channels

Dispersion of mass in open-channel flow

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