The Relations of Cognitive Triad, Dysfunctional Attitudes, Automatic Thoughts, and Irrational Beliefs with Test Anxiety

Abstract

Previous research has highlighted the important role of cognition in anxiety, including test anxiety. The present study explores the role of cognitive distortions and irrationality in test anxiety by studying the relationships among cognitive triad (core beliefs), dysfunctional attitudes (intermediate beliefs), negative automatic thoughts, irrational beliefs, debilitating test anxiety, and facilitating test anxiety in 138 undergraduates. Multiple regression analyses showed that only the cognitive triad as a whole was a significant predictor of debilitating anxiety. Specifically, negative view of self was a significant predictor of debilitating anxiety. The results supported an expansion of the current cognitive conceptualizations of test anxiety to include the importance of negative self-view. Other implications are also discussed.

The relationship between negative and positive cognition and psychopathological states in adults aged 18 to 20

“…Negative thinking has been found to play a pivotal role in psychopathological states such as depression [3,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18] and anxiety [3,7,[17][18][19][20][21]. Indeed, studies have found a connection between the presence of negative thoughts and anxiety in clinically anxious adults [22] and children [23].…”

The Relationship Between Attitude Towards Oneself, the World and the Future, and Parental Stress in Mothers of Children With Learning Disabilities

“…In such situations, parents do a lot to assist their children but they do not achieve as much as they wish, thus they perceive themselves as unable mothers or fathers and they feel hopelessness about the future. Spending long time periods for treatment, providing required care for the child in the house, confronting school and behavioral problems of the disable child, all lead to parents' hopelessness and anxiety (18,19). They are not able to participate in social activities due to the negative feedback they receive from others about their child.…”

“…The validity of the mentioned inventory obtained for the whole scale was 0.95, for subscales of attitude towards oneself was 0.91, the world 0.81, and the future 0.93 by applying Cronbach's alpha. The simultaneous validity of the cognitive triad inventory was 0.77, through significant correlation with Beck's depression inventory (18). The mentioned inventory showed good validity and reliability in Iran and its Cronbach's alpha was 0.85 for the whole inventory, and 0.80, 0.73 and 0.81 for subscales of the attitude toward oneself, the world and the future, respectively (19).…”

Psihometrijske Karakteristike PHCC Upitnika Ispitne Anksioznosti

“…Ona pozitivno korelira sa prokrastinacijom (Cassady & Johnson, 2002;Rosário et al, 2008), negativnim afektom (Bradley et al, 2010) i generalnim distresom (Matthews, Hillyard, & Campbell, 1999). Ovoj grupi pridružuju se i simptomi depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa (Bieling, Israeli, & Antony, 2004), kao i upotreba iracionalnih uverenja (Wong, 2008). Uprkos problemima u određivanju uzročno-posledičnih veza ispitne anksioznosti i uspeha, navedeni rezultati ipak daju osnov za pretpostavku da je ispitna anksioznost važan remetilački faktor testovnog postignuća kod studenata.…”

“…Uprkos problemima u određivanju uzročno-posledičnih veza ispitne anksioznosti i uspeha, navedeni rezultati ipak daju osnov za pretpostavku da je ispitna anksioznost važan remetilački faktor testovnog postignuća kod studenata. Sa druge strane, ispitna anksioznost negativno korelira sa grupom pozitivnih psiholoških fenomena, među kojima su upotreba racionalnih uverenja (Wong, 2008), pozitivni afekat (Nelson & Knight, 2010), zadovoljstvo životom (Rajabi, Abolghasemi, & Abbasi, 2012) i subjektivni osećaj vitalnosti (Ryan & Frederick, 1997), ukazujući na to da je odsustvo ove forme anksioznosti značajno povezano sa psihološkim blagostanjem individue.…”