The Relationship among Shame, Guilt, and Self-Efficacy

Abstract

The perception of the self has been one of the fundamental constructs in psychotherapy, with attention devoted to shame, guilt, and, more recently, one's perception of ability to influence a situation-that is, self-efficacy; however, the relationship between these constructs merits scholarly attention. In the present study, researchers analyze the survey responses of 194 college students to determine relationships between shame and guilt as measured by the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA 3, Tangney & Dearing, 2002), and self-efficacy as measured by the general and social self-efficacy scales (by Sherer, Maddux, Mercandante, Prentice-Dunn, Jacobs, & Rogers, 1982). Results support a hypothesis that higher shame scores were related to reduced self-efficacy; however, scores did not reveal a significant correlation between guilt and self-efficacy. Post-hoc analyses suggest some differences based on gender and private-versus-public school setting. The researchers draw theoretical and counseling implications from the findings.

Coping strategies used by hypersexual patients to defend against the painful effects of shame

“…Shame is a complex emotion that is experienced as a painful, self-focused affect Parker, 1998) and, like hypersexuality, has been correlated with several manifestations of psychopathology including anxiety, depression, somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorders, aggression, interpersonal sensitivity, substance-related disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, diminished self-effi cacy, violence and low self-esteem (e.g., Baldwin, Baldwin, & Ewald, 2006;Brown, 2004;Gilbert, 2000;Harder, 1995;Lewis, 1971Lewis, , 1987Nathanson, 1992Nathanson, , 1994Tangney & Dearing, 2002). Shame has also been observed among borderline patients who exhibit patterns of sexual impulsivity (Rizvi & Linehan, 2005).…”

Analysis of the Paternalistic Justification of an Agenda Setting Public Health Policy: The Case of Tobacco Plain Packaging

“…In our case, stigmatization and victim blaming is of serious concern as Ford et al (2013b) have found plain packaging to induce and intensify feelings of shame and disgust. Such feelings undermine self-efficacy beliefs (Baldwin et al, 2006), which is detrimental as self-efficacy beliefs are an important predictor of successful behaviour change such as smoking cessation (O'Leary, 1985;Bandura, 2010). Furthermore, one study found stigmatization as a tool of tobacco de-normalisation to exacerbate health inequalities by having counter-productive effects amongst disadvantaged smokers, who represent the majority of all smokers (Bell et al, 2010).…”

Die Bedeutung des Schamempfindens in einzelnen Diagnosegruppen unter Berücksichtigung der Körperscham

“…In diesen konnte mehrfach eine stärker ausgeprägte Dysfunktionalität von Schamneigung gegenüber Schuldneigung belegt werden. Studenten mit hoher Schamneigung beispielsweise zeigen eine geringe Selbsteffizienzerwartung [Baldwin et al, 2006], neigen zu höherer Selbstbeschuldigung, aber auch zu einer stärkeren Neigung, ihren Mitmenschen Schuld zuzuweisen [Lutwak et al, 2003]. Neben der Tendenz, dass Schamneigung eher mit dysfunktionalen kognitiven Strukturen einhergeht, zeigt sich auch, dass im Allgemeinen Frauen eine höhere Schamneigung haben als Männer [z.B.…”