The Relationship between 10 Years Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Schizophrenia Symptoms: Preliminary Results

Abstract

ObjectivePrevious research shows that patients with schizophrenia have increased cardiovascular disease risk than general population. Increased cardiovascular risk in schizophrenia patients have been associated with many reasons such as antipsychotic drugs, genetic predisposition, andlifestyle. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the risk of heart disease and schizophrenia symptomatology. MethodsThe 10-year cardiovascular risk was assessed by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in 103 patients with schizophrenia and in 39 healthy controls. Sociodemographic characteristics, age at schizophrenia onset, duration of illness, number of hospitalizations, the course of the disease and antipsychotic medications were recorded. Patients’ symptoms were evaluated via The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). ResultsTen-year cardiovascular risk was 5.16% inpatients with schizophrenia, and 3.02% in control group (p=0.030). No significant correlation was found between FRS scores, SANS, SAPS, and CDSS scores. However, FRS scores were significantly correlated with age, number of hospitalizations and duration of disease (r=0.300, 0.261, 0.252, respectively). Moreover FRS scores were higher (p=0.008) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were lower (p=0.048) in patients using multiple antipsychotics. ConclusionOur findings suggest a relationship between the risk of cardiovascular disease and the duration and overall severity of schizophrenia and also highlights the role of antipsychotics in this relationship.

Gambaran Kelainan Cardiovascular pada Pasien Schizophrenia: Literature Review

“…Serupa dengan Bär, (2015) bahwa mayoritas kematian terbanyak di antara pasien skizofrenia disebabkan oleh komplikasi kardiovaskuler, khususnya penyakit jantung koroner. Selain itu, hasil penelitian Kilicaslan, et al, (2019) juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor lingkungan dan juga genetik merupakan etiologi dari penyakit kardiovaskular yang dapat memperpendek harapan hidup pasien skizofrenia.…”

Cardiometabolic Health Risks, Lifestyle Behaviours and Quality of Life in People with Early Psychosis – A Cross Sectional Study

“…Some studies that calculate CVD risk scores using algorithms have also reported that people diagnosed with SMI have increased CVD risk when compared to healthy controls. For example, Kilicaslan et al (2019) concluded that the 10-year cardiovascular risk of 103 Turkish inpatients with schizophrenia was significantly higher than 39 healthy matched controls (5.16% vs. 3.02%, p=0.03). Similarly, a Chinese study involving 466 inpatients with schizophrenia (Zhao et al, 2018) reported that their Framingham 10year CVD risk score was significantly higher than the 507 healthy controls (6.7% vs. 4.8%, p < 0.001).…”

Cardiometabolic health risks, lifestyle behaviours and quality of life in people diagnosed with early psychosis – A cross‐sectional study

“…Some studies that calculate CVD risk scores using algorithms have also reported that people diagnosed with SMI have increased CVD risk when compared to healthy controls. For example, Kilicaslan et al (2019) concluded that the 10-year CVD of 103 Turkish inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia was significantly higher than 39 healthy matched controls (5.16% vs. 3.02%, p = .03).…”

“…For example, there is evidence of a positive association between antipsychotic polypharmacy, duration of exposure to antipsychotics and cardiovascular disease mortality (Ganguly et al, 2004; Weinmann et al, 2009). Likewise, a few studies have also demonstrated that elevated CVD risk score is associated with taking higher doses of antipsychotics (Bressington et al, 2016) and usage of multiple types of antipsychotics (Killiscan et al, 2019). However, these studies did not involve people with early‐stage psychosis.…”