The relationship between affect and the excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids

Curtis, George C.; Cleghorn, R. A.

doi:10.1016/0022-3999(60)90009-x

Cited by 47 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The findings of these and other studies (24,18,45) are in general agreement that there is a marked elevation of plasma cortisol and urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid levels in depressed patients characterized by great stress, features of anxiety, agitation and retardation; and there is a positive correlation between the degree of adrenal cortical overactivity and independent ratings of depression for a large proportion of the patients studied.…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Suppression Studies in Affective Disorders

McClure

Cleghorn

1968

Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal

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supporting

confidence: 81%

Suppression Studies in Affective Disorders

McClure

Cleghorn

1968

Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal

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“…Most authors would agree that concentration changes of plasma and urinary catecholamines and catecholamine metabolites reflect alterations in the turnover rate of catecholamines. With stresses of various types the concentration of norepinephrine and epinephrine increase (2,(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46). Representing only 0.5-6.0% of that released from synaptic nerve endings (40,(47)(48)(49), a fluctuation in the urine concentration of norepinephrine and epinephrine corresponds to similar changes in the concentration of urinary VMA (42,47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Response to Chronic Chair Restraint in the Rhesus Monkey

Perlow

Karoum

Braun

et al. 1979

Psychosomatic Medicine

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Prolonged chair restraint and social isolation in the rhesus monkey led to a reduction in the urinary excretion of HVA (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid), DOPAC (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid), VMA methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid), and MHPG (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylglycol) over a 3 week period. This adaptation to a chronically "stressful" situation corresponds to earlier studies on the rhesus monkey indicating a gradual reduction in the urinary excretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine after initiation of restraint. The following basic information on the urinary excretion of catecholamine metabolites was obtained: (1) the rate of excretion of the dopamine metabolites (HVA and DOPAC) is about four times higher than the rate of excretion of adrenergic metabolites (VMA and MHPG): (2) MHPG is the major adrenergic metabolite in the rhesus monkey; and (3) the excretion rates of the urinary metabolites varied considerably between animals.

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“…NE/E ratio, however, did not change as a function of time after anesthetization. Since norepinephrine and epinephrine are highly intercorrelated (7) and tend to respond to behavioral and biochemical stressors by changes in the same direction (40), the NE/E ratio is probably less vulnerable to such stress effects than the absolute level of either hormone. This is among the first reports of a relationship between plasma catecholamine levels and social behavior in an anesthetized subject of any species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peripheral epinephrine and norepinephrine levels can change dramatically in response to biological (40) and psychological (14) stresses. Because the two hormones characteristically change in the same direction (7) their ratio may provide a relatively stable measure reflecting the quality or balance rather than the absolute amount of sympathetic discharge. High urinary NE/E has been reported to be a stable trait among violent psychiatric patients (41), while low NE/E has been documented in patients who have made highly lethal suicide attempts (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma catecholamines and social behavior in male vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus)

Dillon

Raleigh²,

McGuire³

et al. 1992

Physiology & Behavior

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Many investigations in humans indicate that epinephrine, norepinephrine and their ratio may correlate with such traits as social competence, academic achievement, and aggression. However, the socioeconomic, dietary, and environmental confounds accompanying most human studies complicate their interpretation. Social status, aggression, and other social behaviors can be reliably assessed in nonhuman primates under conditions controlling for crucial environmental factors. If interpretation of human studies is correct, dominant and subordinate male vervet monkeys should exhibit distinctive patterns of catecholamine secretion. To test this possibility, seventeen adult male monkeys living in six stable social groups were observed for 6 months. Based on their success in agonistic events, subjects were categorized as dominant or subordinate. Alpha scores were calculated from empirically derived factors to provide a noncategorical measure of dominant behavioral style. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine samples obtained from anesthetized subjects did not differ between dominant and subordinate males. Alpha scores, however, distinguished high from low norepinephrine/epinephrine ratio groups. These findings are consistent with studies in humans linking high epinephrine, low norepinephrine, and social competence.

show abstract

The relationship between affect and the excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids

Cited by 47 publications

References 13 publications

Suppression Studies in Affective Disorders

Suppression Studies in Affective Disorders

Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Response to Chronic Chair Restraint in the Rhesus Monkey

Plasma catecholamines and social behavior in male vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus)

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