The Relationship Between Age at Menarche and Premenstrual Syndrome with Anthropometric Indices in High School Female Students in Zahedan in 2017

Abstract

Background: Menstrual cycle and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refer to the periodic recurrence of a combination of physical, psychological, and behavioral changes in women. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the age at menarche and PMS with anthropometric indices in the high school female students in Zahedan, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 300 high school female students in Zahedan in 2017. The demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the participants were recorded. The standard PMS questionnaire was used to study PMS. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) as well as analytical statistics, including t-test and Pearson's correlation test. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that 221 subjects (73.7%) had PMS, whereas 79 subjects (26.3%) had no syndrome. There was a significant correlation between the mean age at menarche and weight (P = 0.004) as well as height (P = 0.025). A significant difference was observed in terms of the status physical factors (P = 0.038), between the mild and severe forms of PMS and age at menarche (P = 0.03). Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of PMS and its association with anthropometric indices, it is suggested to improve the nutritional status and physical health of high school female students.

Do contrasting socio‐ecological conditions bring difference in premenstrual syndrome and its concomitants? A sedente‐migrant comparative study from Eastern India

“…For example, an increased carbohydrate intake may improve premenstrual mood and cognitive function by altering the balance of hormonal and neurotransmitter; but higher fat intake and iron deficiency anemia may worsen breast tenderness, water retention, and psychological distress (Fukushima et al, 2020; Nagata et al, 2004). Menarcheal age and menstrual cycle disorders are known to be potentially associated with PMS due to alteration in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐ovarian (HPO) axis as a response to socio‐ecological stimuli (Karajibani et al, 2020). Likewise, stressful life events can exacerbate PMS by altering the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis (Hou et al, 2019).…”

Consequences and management of symptoms of menstrual cycle and association with a healthy lifestyle among educated females in Tangail region of Bangladesh: a cross sectional study

“…21 In women before menopause, PMS symptoms can range from mild to severe. 22 Since most women menstruate between the ages of menarche and menopause, menstrual health is an important element of overall health. Menstruation, on the other hand, affects the physical, mental, and social wellbeing of tens of millions of women around the world.…”